Overview
1-Propanol, also known as n-propanol or propyl alcohol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C3H8O. It is a colorless, transparent liquid with a mild alcohol odor, commonly used as a solvent in various industrial applications. Its miscibility with water and organic solvents makes it versatile for formulations in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and coatings. 1-Propanol is produced through the hydroformylation of ethylene followed by hydrogenation or via fermentation processes. It is less toxic than methanol but more toxic than ethanol, making it a preferred solvent in certain applications where ethanol's properties are insufficient.
Physical and Chemical Properties
1-Propanol has a density of 0.803 g/cm³ at 20°C and a boiling point of 97°C. It is highly flammable, with a flash point of 15°C, and evaporates quickly at room temperature. The liquid is miscible with water, ethanol, ether, and other common organic solvents, which enhances its utility as a solvent. Its molecular structure consists of a three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the terminal carbon. This structure contributes to its polarity and solubility characteristics. 1-Propanol is stable under normal conditions but can form explosive peroxides upon prolonged exposure to air and light, requiring proper storage measures.
Main Applications
1-Propanol is extensively used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry for drug formulations and extractions. Its ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds makes it valuable in cosmetics, where it acts as a carrier for fragrances and active ingredients. In the coatings industry, 1-propanol serves as a solvent for resins and dyes, ensuring even application and drying. It is also employed in cleaning agents and disinfectants due to its antimicrobial properties. Additionally, it finds use as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of esters and other derivatives.
Safety and Storage
1-Propanol is a flammable liquid and should be stored in tightly sealed containers away from heat sources and open flames. Proper ventilation is essential to prevent the accumulation of vapors, which can form explosive mixtures with air. Exposure to 1-propanol can cause eye and skin irritation, and prolonged inhalation may lead to respiratory issues. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be used when handling the chemical. In case of spills, absorb with inert material and dispose of according to local regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring 1-propanol, B2B buyers should prioritize suppliers with certifications such as ISO or GMP to ensure product quality and consistency. Key factors to consider include purity levels (typically 99% or higher), packaging options (drums, IBCs, or bulk), and transportation compliance. Buyers should also evaluate supplier reliability, lead times, and technical support. Price negotiations can be influenced by order volume and long-term contracts. It is advisable to request material safety data sheets (MSDS) and certificates of analysis (CoA) to verify specifications.
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