Zirconium Diboride Powder

Updated: 2026-07-15

Overview

Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) powder is an advanced ceramic material composed of zirconium and boron. It belongs to the class of ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) due to its remarkable thermal and chemical stability. ZrB2 is synthesized through processes like carbothermal reduction or direct reaction of zirconium and boron powders. Its unique combination of properties, including high melting point, hardness, and electrical conductivity, makes it indispensable in demanding industrial applications. The powder form allows for versatile processing, such as sintering or plasma spraying, to create components for extreme environments.

Physical and Chemical Properties

ZrB2 powder exhibits a hexagonal crystal structure, contributing to its exceptional mechanical strength. It has a density of 6.09 g/cm³ and a melting point of 3,040°C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. The material is chemically inert to most acids and alkalis but may oxidize above 1,000°C in air. Its electrical conductivity (resistivity ~10-6 Ω·m) and thermal conductivity (~60 W/m·K) are unusually high for a ceramic, enabling uses in electrodes and heat-resistant components. The powder's particle size distribution (typically 1-10µm) significantly impacts sintering behavior and final product density.

Main Applications

In aerospace, ZrB2 powder is used for hypersonic vehicle leading edges and rocket nozzles due to its ablation resistance. The nuclear industry employs it as a neutron absorber material. Electronics manufacturers value its conductivity for thin-film resistors and semiconductor contacts. The powder is also processed into crucibles for molten metal handling and reinforcement phases in metal matrix composites. Recent research explores its potential in solar energy absorbers and wear-resistant coatings, expanding its industrial relevance across multiple high-tech sectors.

Safety and Storage

While ZrB2 is generally stable, fine powder poses inhalation risks and should be handled in controlled environments with NIOSH-approved respirators. Eye protection and gloves are mandatory due to potential mechanical irritation. Store in sealed containers under argon or nitrogen to prevent surface oxidation. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. Spills should be collected using non-sparking tools and disposed of as inert solid waste according to local regulations. Facilities must have adequate ventilation to maintain airborne concentrations below OSHA permissible exposure limits.

B2B Procurement Guide

Industrial buyers should specify purity (typically 99% or 99.5% for technical applications), particle size distribution (D50 value), and oxygen content (<1% preferred). Request certificates of analysis with trace metal impurities listed, as these affect high-temperature performance. Reliable suppliers provide material safety data sheets (MSDS) and batch consistency guarantees. Consider manufacturers with ISO 9001 certification and experience in advanced ceramics. For large orders, request production samples to verify sintering characteristics. Lead times may vary from 2-8 weeks depending on customization requirements and global supply chain conditions.