Overview
Zeatin is a naturally occurring cytokinin first isolated from maize (Zea mays), which explains its name. It plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development by stimulating cell division and differentiation. Unlike synthetic cytokinins, zeatin is biodegradable and widely used in organic farming and sustainable agriculture. As one of the most active cytokinins, zeatin is essential for plant tissue culture, where it promotes shoot formation and delays senescence. Its applications extend to commercial horticulture, where it improves crop yields and quality by enhancing nutrient uptake and stress resistance.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Zeatin is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 219.24 g/mol. It decomposes at 207-209°C and is soluble in dilute acids and bases but only slightly soluble in water or ethanol. Its stability depends on pH and temperature, requiring storage in cool, dark conditions. The compound exists in two isomeric forms: trans-zeatin (more biologically active) and cis-zeatin. The trans form is preferred for agricultural applications due to its higher efficacy in promoting cell division and delaying leaf aging. Analytical methods like HPLC are used to quantify its purity, which typically exceeds 98% for laboratory and commercial use.
Main Applications
In plant tissue culture, zeatin is a key component of growth media, particularly for orchids, medicinal plants, and cash crops like bananas. It induces shoot proliferation and reduces callus formation, improving cloning efficiency. Agriculturally, zeatin-based biostimulants enhance crop resilience to drought and salinity. They are sprayed on foliage or applied via irrigation to boost photosynthesis and fruit setting. In horticulture, zeatin delays post-harvest senescence in cut flowers and leafy vegetables, extending shelf life. Recent research explores its role in CRISPR-based plant genome editing to improve regeneration rates.
Safety and Storage
Zeatin is classified as non-toxic to humans and animals at recommended doses but may cause mild skin or eye irritation. Always wear gloves and goggles when handling the powder. Store it in airtight containers at 2-8°C to prevent degradation. For liquid formulations, avoid exposure to UV light and extreme pH levels. Disposal should follow local regulations for organic compounds. Suppliers often provide stability data; ensure the product is used within its shelf life (typically 12-24 months when stored properly).
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing zeatin, prioritize suppliers with ISO certification and batch-specific COAs. Key specifications include purity (≥98%), isomer ratio (trans-zeatin content ≥90%), and residual solvent levels. Bulk buyers should request samples for bioactivity testing in their specific applications. Pricing varies by quantity and purity, with discounts for orders above 100 grams. Consider formulation compatibility—some vendors offer ready-to-use liquid concentrates for agricultural spraying. For tissue culture, sterile-filtered solutions are preferable. Logistics should ensure cold chain transport to maintain stability.
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