Xylitol[2]

Updated: 2026-09-12

Overview

Xylitol is a polyol (sugar alcohol) first isolated from birch wood in 1891. It occurs naturally in small quantities in fruits and vegetables. Industrially, it is produced via hydrogenation of xylose derived from hemicellulose-rich biomass like corn cobs or birch bark. As a functional sweetener, xylitol provides 2.4 kcal/g (40% fewer calories than sucrose) and does not raise blood sugar levels significantly, making it suitable for diabetics. Its cooling effect and sweetness profile closely resemble sucrose, but with added dental benefits.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Xylitol crystallizes in a monoclinic system and exhibits high hygroscopicity. Its melting point (92–96°C) is lower than sucrose, requiring careful handling in baked goods. The compound is chemically stable under normal conditions but may degrade at temperatures above 200°C. Unlike sugars, xylitol cannot participate in Maillard browning reactions, which is advantageous for heat-sensitive applications. Its solubility in water increases with temperature, reaching 200 g/100 mL at 60°C. In ethanol, solubility is limited to 6 g/100 mL.

Main Applications

Over 60% of global xylitol production is used in sugar-free chewing gum, where it prevents cavities by inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a excipient in syrups and lozenges due to its moisture-retention properties. The food industry incorporates xylitol in diabetic chocolates, ice cream, and baked goods. Emerging applications include nasal sprays (for ear infection prevention) and IV solutions (as an energy source). Industrial uses span biodegradable plastics and humectants in cosmetics.

Safety and Storage

Xylitol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA, with an ADI of 'not specified.' However, excessive intake (>50g/day) may cause bloating or diarrhea due to slow intestinal absorption. Crucially, it is highly toxic to dogs, causing hypoglycemia and liver failure at 0.1g/kg body weight. For storage, keep in food-grade polyethylene bags with moisture barriers. Bulk quantities should be palletized in dry warehouses (<60% RH). Shelf life exceeds 3 years when stored properly.

B2B Procurement Guide

Industrial buyers should specify parameters like purity (USP/FCC standards), particle size (200–800µm for food applications), and residual solvents (<50ppm methanol). Non-GMO and allergen-free (corn-derived) certifications may be required for EU markets. Leading producers are concentrated in China (70% global output) and Finland. MOQs typically start at 1 metric ton, with pricing tiers for 5+ ton orders. Consider FOB/CIF terms and third-party lab testing for quality assurance.