Vitamin C[2]
Overview
Vitamin C, chemically known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient for humans and certain animals. It plays a critical role in collagen synthesis, immune function, and antioxidant protection. Unlike most animals, humans cannot synthesize vitamin C and must obtain it through diet or supplements. Industrially, vitamin C is produced through fermentation or chemical synthesis. It is widely used in pharmaceuticals, food and beverage fortification, and cosmetic formulations due to its antioxidant properties and role in collagen production.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Vitamin C appears as a white or slightly yellow crystalline powder with a sour taste. It is highly soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 176.12 g/mol. The compound is sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, which can degrade its potency. Its acidic nature (pKa around 4.2) makes it useful as a pH adjuster in various applications. The melting point ranges between 190-192°C, but it decomposes at this temperature rather than boiling. The density is approximately 1.65 g/cm³.
Main Applications
In the pharmaceutical industry, vitamin C is used in dietary supplements and medications for scurvy prevention and immune support. The food industry employs it as a nutritional additive and antioxidant in beverages, dairy products, and processed foods. The cosmetic industry values vitamin C for its skin brightening and anti-aging properties. It's commonly found in serums, creams, and other skincare products. Industrial applications include use as a reducing agent in chemical processes and photography.
Safety and Storage
Vitamin C is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory agencies when used appropriately. However, excessive consumption may lead to diarrhea or kidney stones in susceptible individuals. Occupational exposure should be minimized as dust may irritate eyes and respiratory tract. Proper storage is crucial to maintain potency. Vitamin C should be kept in airtight containers, protected from light, moisture, and high temperatures. Ideal storage conditions are below 25°C with relative humidity under 65%.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring vitamin C in bulk, verify the product meets relevant pharmacopeia standards (USP, BP, or EP). Check certificates of analysis for purity (typically 99-100.5%) and heavy metal content. Packaging should be moisture-proof, often double-bagged with aluminum lining. Consider transportation conditions - avoid extreme temperatures during shipping. For long-term storage, request recent production batches with at least 12 months remaining shelf life. Price negotiations often improve with larger quantities, typically starting at 25kg increments.
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