Overview
Vanadium carbide (VC) is an advanced ceramic material composed of vanadium and carbon atoms in a 1:1 ratio. It belongs to the class of transition metal carbides known for exceptional hardness and thermal stability. Primarily used in industrial and research settings, VC is synthesized through carbothermal reduction or chemical vapor deposition. In university laboratories, VC is studied for its role in enhancing material properties, particularly in metallurgy and surface engineering. Its refractory nature makes it valuable for high-temperature applications, while its compatibility with other materials allows for tailored composite designs.
Physical and Chemical Properties
VC exhibits a cubic crystal structure (NaCl-type) with a Vickers hardness of ~2800 kg/mm², surpassing many tool steels. Its thermal conductivity (~40 W/m·K) and oxidation resistance (stable up to 800°C in air) make it suitable for extreme environments. The material maintains strength at elevated temperatures, with a compressive strength of ~3 GPa at 1000°C. Chemically, VC is inert to most acids at room temperature but reacts with oxidizing acids at elevated temperatures. It forms solid solutions with other carbides (e.g., TiC, NbC), enabling property modulation for specific applications. Its electrical resistivity (~60 μΩ·cm) allows limited use in conductive composites.
Main Applications
In industrial contexts, VC serves as a grain growth inhibitor in tungsten carbide tools, improving their high-temperature performance. It's also vapor-deposited as thin coatings (2-10 μm) on cutting tools to enhance wear resistance. Metallurgical applications include its use as an alloying additive in steel (0.1-0.5% V) for precipitation hardening. Research laboratories utilize VC for studying carbide-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs), particularly in aerospace materials. Emerging applications include its use in lithium-ion battery anodes due to its intercalation properties, and as catalyst support in petrochemical processes where thermal stability is critical.
Safety and Storage
VC powder poses inhalation risks (classified as STOT SE 3); labs should use local exhaust ventilation during handling. Nano-particulate forms require additional containment measures. Recommended PPE includes NIOSH-approved respirators (N95 or higher) and protective gloves to prevent skin contact. Storage requires moisture-proof containers under inert gas (argon preferred) to prevent oxidation. Bulk quantities should be kept in fireproof cabinets separate from oxidizers. Spills should be vacuumed with HEPA-filtered equipment—never dry-swept. Disposal follows hazardous waste regulations for heavy metal compounds in most jurisdictions.
B2B Procurement Guide
For academic labs, prioritize suppliers offering analytical certificates with traceable impurity profiles (especially oxygen and free carbon content). Standard research-grade VC has 1-3 μm particle size; specify if nano-powders (<100 nm) are required. Batch-to-batch consistency is critical for reproducible experiments. Leading manufacturers include H.C. Starck, Japan New Metals, and Beijing Youxinglian Nonferrous Metals. MOQ for high-purity grades typically starts at 100g, with lead times of 4-6 weeks for custom specifications. Consider requesting MSDS and TGA data for safety compliance documentation.
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