Overview
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), also known as ursodiol, is a naturally occurring bile acid used in medical treatments. It is derived from bile and has significant therapeutic applications, particularly in managing gallstones and chronic liver diseases. UDCA works by reducing cholesterol secretion into bile and protecting liver cells from damage. First identified in bear bile, UDCA is now synthesized for pharmaceutical use. It is widely prescribed due to its efficacy and safety profile, making it a cornerstone in hepatology. The compound is also studied for potential benefits in other metabolic disorders.
Physical and Chemical Properties
UDCA is a white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 392.57 g/mol. It has a melting point of 203-204°C and a density of 1.07 g/cm³. The compound is hydrophobic and soluble in organic solvents like ethanol but only slightly soluble in water. Its chemical structure includes a steroid nucleus with hydroxyl groups, contributing to its ability to interact with bile acids and cholesterol. These properties make UDCA effective in dissolving cholesterol-rich gallstones and modulating bile composition.
Main Applications
UDCA is primarily used to treat cholesterol gallstones, particularly in patients who cannot undergo surgery. It dissolves gallstones by reducing cholesterol saturation in bile. Another major application is in managing primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a chronic liver disease, where it slows disease progression and improves liver function. Research is exploring UDCA's potential in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other metabolic conditions. Its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects are also being investigated for broader therapeutic uses.
Safety and Storage
UDCA is generally safe with few side effects, which may include diarrhea or mild abdominal discomfort. It is contraindicated in patients with acute gallbladder inflammation or bile duct obstruction. Proper storage involves keeping the compound in a cool, dry place away from light to maintain stability. Pharmaceutical-grade UDCA must meet stringent purity standards to ensure safety and efficacy. Regulatory compliance, such as adherence to USP or EP monographs, is critical for procurement in medical applications.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring UDCA, prioritize suppliers with certifications like GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) to guarantee quality. Pharmaceutical-grade purity (≥98%) is essential for medical use. Bulk purchases typically range from $50 to $200 per kg, depending on quantity and supplier reputation. Verify analytical reports, including HPLC and MSDS, to confirm identity and purity. Consider long-term supply agreements with reliable manufacturers to ensure consistency. Regulatory documentation, such as DMF (Drug Master File), may be required for pharmaceutical applications.
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