Overview
Uricase, or urate oxidase, is a peroxisomal enzyme that converts uric acid into allantoin, a more soluble and excretable compound. It is found in most mammals except humans, who lack functional uricase due to evolutionary gene mutations. The enzyme is widely used in clinical diagnostics to measure uric acid levels in blood and urine. In therapeutics, recombinant uricase (e.g., rasburicase) treats severe hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome. Its ability to rapidly degrade uric acid makes it critical for managing gout and preventing kidney damage. Industrial applications include wastewater treatment to reduce uric acid pollution.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Uricase typically appears as a lyophilized powder with optimal activity at pH 7–9. It requires oxygen as a co-substrate and produces hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. The enzyme’s activity is temperature-dependent, with stability ranging from 4°C to 25°C but degrading above 40°C. Its molecular weight is approximately 34 kDa, and it often exists as a tetramer in active form. Solubility is high in aqueous buffers, but prolonged exposure to light or extreme pH can denature the protein. Commercial preparations may include stabilizers like albumin or glycerol.
Main Applications
In medicine, uricase is indispensable for diagnosing and treating hyperuricemia. Rasburicase, a recombinant version, is FDA-approved for chemotherapy-induced hyperuricemia due to its rapid action. It is also used in biosensors for point-of-care uric acid testing. Beyond healthcare, uricase aids in bioremediation by breaking down uric acid in poultry waste, reducing environmental contamination. The food industry explores its use to lower uric acid levels in fermented products. Research continues into immobilized uricase for continuous flow systems.
Safety and Storage
Uricase requires careful handling to maintain stability. Lyophilized forms should be stored at -20°C and reconstituted with sterile buffers. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can reduce enzymatic activity. Safety protocols include wearing gloves and goggles to prevent skin or eye contact. Allergic reactions, though rare, have been reported in therapeutic use. Disposal should follow biohazard guidelines if the enzyme is derived from animal sources.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring uricase, prioritize suppliers with ISO or GMP certifications to ensure quality. Key specifications include activity units (U/mg), purity (>95%), and endotoxin levels (<0.1 EU/mg for therapeutic grade). Bulk buyers should request batch-specific CoAs (Certificates of Analysis) and stability data. Prices vary by source (microbial recombinant vs. animal-derived) and scale. For research, smaller vials (1–10 mg) suffice, while industrial applications may require kilogram quantities.
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