Overview
Urea phosphate is a crystalline compound combining urea and phosphoric acid, widely used in precision agriculture. Its unique chemical structure provides both nitrogen (17%) and phosphorus (44%) in a single molecule, making it ideal for nutrient-deficient soils. As a fully water-soluble fertilizer, it dissolves rapidly without residue, suitable for advanced irrigation systems like drip fertigation. The compound’s acidic nature also helps prevent nozzle clogging and improves micronutrient availability in alkaline soils.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The compound crystallizes in orthorhombic structures with a density of 1.74 g/cm³. Its high solubility stems from ionic dissociation in water, forming urea cations and phosphate anions. A 1% solution typically has a pH of 1.8-2.2, which aids in soil pH adjustment. Thermal stability is limited to 121°C before decomposition into urea and polyphosphates. Unlike conventional phosphate fertilizers, it doesn’t contain insoluble impurities that could clog irrigation equipment. The crystalline powder is hygroscopic and may require anti-caking agents for bulk storage.
Main Applications
Primary use is in high-value crop systems requiring precise nutrient delivery, including vineyards, orchards, and greenhouse vegetables. Its rapid solubility makes it preferred for fertigation where immediate nutrient availability is critical. In hydroponics, urea phosphate serves as a dual-nutrient source that minimizes salt accumulation. Some formulations combine it with potassium for NPK solutions. The acidic pH also helps solubilize calcium and iron in hard water irrigation systems.
Safety and Storage
As a corrosive substance, handling requires nitrile gloves and eye protection. Spills should be neutralized with alkaline materials (e.g., limestone powder). Storage life is 2-3 years in original moisture-proof packaging. Bulk storage silos should maintain relative humidity below 60% to prevent caking. Incompatible with alkaline fertilizers like calcium nitrate—precipitates form if mixed directly. Transport requires corrosion-resistant containers labeled as UN 9087 (corrosive solid).
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should verify: 1) Solubility grade (≥99.5% for irrigation systems), 2) Particle size (80-120 mesh for dissolution rate), 3) Presence of anti-caking additives (silicon dioxide commonly used). Bulk shipments typically use 25kg woven bags with PE liners or 1-ton big bags. For international procurement, check local regulations—some regions require special permits for acidic fertilizers. Sample testing should include dissolution rate trials under operational water temperatures.
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