Tyramine[2]

Updated: 2026-09-18

Overview

Tyramine is a naturally occurring monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It is commonly found in fermented foods, aged cheeses, and certain meats. Tyramine acts as a precursor to neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine, playing a role in the regulation of blood pressure and mood. In biochemical research, tyramine is used to study its effects on the nervous system and its interactions with monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes. Its vasoactive properties make it a subject of interest in pharmacology and food science, particularly in understanding its impact on individuals taking MAO inhibitors.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Tyramine appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 137.18 g/mol. It has a melting point of 164-166 °C and is soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions but should be protected from light and moisture to prevent degradation. Tyramine's chemical structure includes a phenolic hydroxyl group and an ethylamine side chain, which contribute to its reactivity and biological activity. Its solubility in polar solvents makes it suitable for laboratory use in aqueous and organic solutions.

Main Applications

Tyramine is primarily used in biochemical and pharmaceutical research as a precursor for neurotransmitter synthesis. It is also employed in the study of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, which are used to treat depression and other neurological disorders. In the food industry, tyramine is monitored due to its presence in fermented and aged products, where it can cause adverse effects in sensitive individuals. Additionally, tyramine derivatives are explored for their potential in drug development, particularly in designing vasoactive and psychotropic agents.

Safety and Storage

Tyramine should be handled with care, as it can cause hypertension and other adverse effects if ingested in large quantities. Proper storage involves keeping the compound in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture to maintain its stability. Safety data sheets (SDS) should be consulted before handling, and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and lab coats should be worn. In case of accidental exposure, seek medical attention and follow first aid measures as outlined in the SDS.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring tyramine for industrial or research purposes, buyers should verify the purity and quality of the product through a Certificate of Analysis (COA). Reputable suppliers often provide batch-specific COAs to ensure compliance with specifications. Prices for tyramine vary based on purity and quantity, typically ranging from $50 to $200 per gram. Bulk purchases may attract discounts, and buyers should consider logistical factors such as shipping and storage requirements to maintain product integrity.