Overview
Ultrapure water (UPW) is defined by its exceptionally low concentration of impurities, including ions, organic compounds, and microorganisms. It is produced through multi-stage purification processes such as reverse osmosis, deionization, and ultrafiltration. The stringent standards for UPW are governed by organizations like ASTM and ISO, ensuring consistency for critical industrial applications. Unlike distilled or deionized water, UPW meets higher resistivity (>18 MΩ·cm) and total organic carbon (TOC <5 ppb) benchmarks. Its purity makes it indispensable in industries where contaminants could compromise product quality, such as silicon wafer cleaning or injectable drug formulation.
Physical and Chemical Properties
UPW exhibits near-theoretical resistivity due to the absence of ionizable substances, making it a poor conductor of electricity. Its pH is neutral (7.0), though it quickly absorbs CO₂ from air, slightly acidifying upon exposure. The lack of dissolved solids also gives UPW a uniquely low UV absorbance, critical for spectrophotometric analyses. Notably, UPW is highly aggressive toward materials due to its solvency power when uncontaminated. It can leach ions from containers or piping, necessitating inert materials like high-purity plastics (e.g., PFA) or electropolished stainless steel for storage and distribution systems.
Main Applications
In semiconductor manufacturing, UPW is used for wafer rinsing and chemical dilution, where even nanoscale particles can cause circuit defects. The pharmaceutical industry relies on UPW for equipment cleaning and as an excipient in parenteral drugs, requiring compliance with USP <645> and EP monographs. Laboratories utilize UPW for HPLC mobile phases and cell culture media preparation. Emerging applications include lithium-ion battery production and nanotechnology research, where water purity directly impacts material performance and reproducibility.
Safety and Storage
While UPW itself is non-hazardous, improper handling can introduce contaminants. Storage tanks must be sealed with nitrogen blanketing to prevent CO₂ absorption. Distribution loops often employ continuous UV sterilization and ultrafiltration to maintain purity during use. Personnel should avoid direct contact with UPW in cleanrooms, as it can carry particles from skin or gloves. Systems require regular sanitization with ozone or hot water (≥80°C) to control biofilm formation, a common challenge in stagnant lines.
B2B Procurement Guide
Buyers should specify resistivity (typically 18.2 MΩ·cm at 25°C), TOC levels, and bacterial endotoxin limits (e.g., <0.03 EU/mL for injectables). Batch certificates of analysis are mandatory, with some industries requiring on-site validation testing. Modular UPW systems are cost-effective for mid-scale users, while large facilities may invest in centralized plants. Consider lifecycle costs—membrane replacements, energy consumption, and waste water recovery—when comparing suppliers. Leading manufacturers include Merck Millipore, SUEZ, and Pall Corporation.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：纯水设备、超纯水设备、软化水设备、单级反渗透纯水设备、双级反渗透高纯水设备、EDI超纯水设备、混床高纯水设备、净水设备、水处理设备、全自动水处理、变频供水设备、净化水设备、超滤设备、过滤设备、多介质过滤器
- 主营：超纯水、蒸馏水、去离子水、工业用水、工业去离子水、工业蒸馏水、工业超纯水
- 主营：二苯乙腈、1,1,1-三氟丙酮、氧化双丙二醇、水处理剂、alpha-酮戊二酸、二乙酰丙酮镍、腺苷环磷酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、二氟乙胺盐酸盐
- 主营：标准液、密封桶、电镀设备、脱盐水、蒸馏水、循环水、超纯水、工业净水、生产用水、工业纯水、蒸馏纯水、清洗用水、去离子水、工业级纯水、桶装工业水、工业用纯水、超纯工业水、高纯工业水、实验室用水、密封包装、医疗电池、分析设备、调酒化妆品、冷却系统用、实验室电镀
- 主营：工业蒸馏水、去离子水、超纯水、电池水、纯水设备、制备机、反渗透设备
- 主营：紫外线消毒器、中压紫外线消毒器、臭氧发生器、水箱自洁消毒器、水质在线监测仪、银离子消毒器、明渠紫外线消毒器、紫外线消毒车设备、AOT光催化消毒设备、硅磷晶罐、废气紫外线光氧催化消毒设备、制氧机发生器
- 主营：阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂、国标聚丙烯酰胺、高吸水保水剂、高分子吸水树脂、水处理聚丙烯酰胺、净水聚丙烯酰胺、农用保水剂、园林保水剂、土壤保水剂、农林保水剂、抗旱保水剂、农业土壤保水剂、抗旱专用保水剂、吸水材料、水处理药剂、高纯度聚丙烯酰胺、PAM聚丙烯酰胺、絮凝剂、沉降药剂、高分子药剂、非离子聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、絮凝药剂
- 主营：实验室设备、RO膜、制冷型培养箱、中央纯水系统、实验室瓶装超纯水、自来水预处理、实验动物饮水、纯水系统水箱、实验室超纯水机售后维护、纤维素分析仪
- 主营：丙二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、工业级醋酸丁酯、甲基二乙醇胺、油漆涂料稀释剂、国标甲基环己烷
- 主营：醋酸钠、直售工业、白色晶体、食品级别、国标无水、工业无水、结晶无水、印染业无水、食品级无水、高纯度无水、无水乙酸钠、分析试剂无水、直售生产无水、医药食品无水、热闹生产无水、国标工业、印染摄影、热闹工业、陶瓷涂料、化工实体、颜料工业、橡胶印染、白色结晶、印染媒染剂、缓冲剂工业
- 主营：干熄焦、焦炭、焦粉、石油焦、增碳剂、石墨
- 主营：实验室超纯水机、实验室超纯水仪、实验室纯水设备、实验室仪器
- 主营：次氯酸钠
- 主营：超纯水、蒸馏水、去离子水
- 主营：醋酸钴、硝酸铜、氯化钴、十八水硫酸铝铵、氯化亚锡、三氯化铁、氯化铁、氟硅酸钠、氧化钴、硫化钠、丙酸钠