Overview
Dodecane, also known as n-dodecane, is a straight-chain alkane hydrocarbon with 12 carbon atoms. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a mild odor. As a member of the alkane series, dodecane is relatively inert and finds use in various industrial applications. Dodecane occurs naturally in small quantities in petroleum and is primarily produced through the refining of crude oil. Its chemical stability and predictable properties make it valuable for both laboratory and industrial uses. The compound is often used as a reference standard in chromatography due to its well-characterized properties.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Dodecane exhibits typical alkane characteristics with a boiling point of 216-218°C and a melting point of -10°C. Its density of 0.749 g/cm³ makes it less dense than water. The compound is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. The chemical stability of dodecane is notable, as it resists reaction with most common reagents under normal conditions. However, like all hydrocarbons, it burns readily in air when ignited. Its flash point of approximately 74°C makes it less volatile than shorter-chain alkanes, contributing to its safety profile in many applications.
Main Applications
Dodecane serves multiple roles across industries. In laboratories, it's frequently used as a non-polar solvent and as a reference standard in gas chromatography. The petroleum industry utilizes dodecane as a component in jet fuels and lubricants due to its thermal stability. In manufacturing, dodecane finds application as a diluent in various chemical processes and as an intermediate in the production of surfactants and other specialty chemicals. Its predictable combustion characteristics make it valuable for calibrating instruments and testing combustion processes in research settings.
Safety and Storage
While dodecane presents moderate hazards, proper handling is essential. The primary risks include flammability and potential skin irritation with prolonged contact. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and eye protection, should be used when handling the chemical. Storage requirements include keeping containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and open flames. Secondary containment is recommended for bulk storage to prevent environmental contamination in case of spills. Fire extinguishing media for dodecane fires include foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring dodecane commercially, buyers should specify the required purity level, which typically ranges from 95% to 99.9% depending on application needs. Technical grade is sufficient for many industrial uses, while analytical grade is required for laboratory applications. Bulk purchases (typically 200-liter drums or larger) offer significant cost savings. However, buyers should verify supplier certifications and request material safety data sheets (MSDS) before purchase. Lead times may vary depending on market conditions and supplier location, with some specialty grades requiring longer procurement periods.
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