Overview
Tween 80, chemically known as Polysorbate 80, is a nonionic surfactant derived from ethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid. It is widely utilized as an emulsifier, solubilizer, and stabilizer across industries due to its amphiphilic properties. Its ability to reduce surface tension makes it indispensable in formulations requiring the mixing of oil and water phases. First introduced in the mid-20th century, Tween 80 has become a staple in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications. Its safety profile and versatility have earned it approvals from regulatory bodies like the FDA and EFSA. Industrial-grade and pharmaceutical-grade variants are available, with the latter requiring higher purity standards.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Tween 80 is an amber-colored, viscous liquid with a mild characteristic odor. Its molecular structure includes hydrophilic polyethylene oxide groups and hydrophobic oleic acid chains, enabling it to act as an effective emulsifier. The compound is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and most organic solvents, forming clear to slightly hazy solutions. Key properties include a density of 1.06–1.10 g/cm³ and a boiling point above 100°C, though it may decompose at higher temperatures. It exhibits low volatility and remains stable under normal storage conditions. Its HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) value of approximately 15 classifies it as a water-soluble emulsifier.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, Tween 80 is used to solubilize hydrophobic drugs, enhancing their bioavailability in oral and injectable formulations. It is also a common excipient in vaccines and topical creams. The cosmetic industry employs it in lotions, shampoos, and makeup to stabilize emulsions and improve texture. The food industry utilizes Tween 80 as an emulsifier in ice cream, baked goods, and vitamin supplements. Its GRAS status ensures safety for consumption in regulated quantities. Additionally, it finds niche applications in biotechnology for cell culture media and in industrial processes as a wetting agent.
Safety and Storage
Tween 80 is generally regarded as safe for use in pharmaceuticals and food, with low toxicity. However, prolonged skin contact may cause mild irritation, necessitating protective gear during handling. Ingestion or inhalation of large quantities should be avoided, though small amounts are non-hazardous. Storage recommendations include keeping the product in tightly sealed containers away from heat and sunlight to prevent degradation. Ideal storage temperatures range between 15°C and 25°C. Bulk quantities should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers to maintain purity over time.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring Tween 80, prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO, GMP, or USP for pharmaceutical-grade material. Key specifications to verify include CAS number (9005-65-6), purity (≥98% for high-grade applications), and residual solvent levels. Price varies based on quantity, purity, and supplier reliability. Bulk purchases (e.g., drum quantities) often reduce costs by 10–20%. Request samples for lab testing to confirm compatibility with your formulation. Ensure the supplier provides detailed technical data sheets (TDS) and material safety data sheets (MSDS).
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