Overview
Trimethylolethane (TME) is an organic polyol compound belonging to the trimethylolalkane family. It is synthesized through the condensation of formaldehyde with isobutyraldehyde under alkaline conditions. The compound's three hydroxyl groups make it a versatile building block for polymerization reactions. Industrially, TME is favored for its balanced properties, including low volatility, high thermal stability, and resistance to discoloration. Unlike similar polyols, it is non-hygroscopic, which simplifies storage and handling in manufacturing processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
TME forms odorless, white crystals with a melting point of 200-203°C. Its density of approximately 1.35 g/cm³ and molecular weight of 120.15 g/mol classify it as a medium-weight polyol. The compound exhibits excellent solubility in polar solvents like water and alcohols but has limited solubility in non-polar solvents. Chemically, the three primary hydroxyl groups (each with a reactivity of ~1,200-1,500 kJ/mol) enable esterification, etherification, and urethane formation. TME demonstrates remarkable thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures above 250°C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications.
Main Applications
Approximately 60% of global TME production is used in alkyd resins for coatings, where it improves hardness and weather resistance. In polyurethane systems, it acts as a crosslinking agent for rigid foams and elastomers, enhancing dimensional stability. The compound also serves as a precursor for synthetic lubricants (notably aircraft turbine oils) due to its oxidative stability. Other niche applications include plasticizers for PVC, flame retardants, and as a monomer in specialty polyesters for adhesives and inks.
Safety and Storage
TME is classified as non-hazardous under GHS standards, with LD50 values >2,000 mg/kg (oral, rat). However, the fine powder may cause mechanical eye irritation or mild skin redness upon prolonged contact. Standard PPE (gloves, goggles) is recommended during handling. For storage, maintain temperatures below 30°C in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption. Bulk storage in polyethylene-lined steel drums or moisture-proof bags is typical. Shelf life exceeds 24 months when stored properly, with no special ventilation requirements.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify technical grade (≥99% purity) or specialty grades for niche applications. Key quality indicators include hydroxyl value (1,350-1,450 mg KOH/g) and acid value (<0.5 mg KOH/g). Major producers are concentrated in China, Germany, and the US. When sourcing, verify suppliers' capacity for consistent batch-to-batch quality and request COA (Certificate of Analysis). For international shipments, ensure compliance with regional regulations (REACH, TSCA). MOQs typically start at 1 metric ton, with price breaks at 10+ ton quantities.
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