Overview
Triethanolamine (TEA) is a tertiary amine and triol compound derived from the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia. It serves as a multifunctional chemical in industrial processes due to its ability to act as a solvent, surfactant, and pH regulator. As a water-soluble compound, TEA is favored in formulations requiring alkaline properties without strong corrosiveness. Its compatibility with both organic and aqueous systems makes it a versatile intermediate in specialty chemical manufacturing.
Physical and Chemical Properties
TEA exhibits hygroscopicity and viscosity comparable to glycerin at room temperature. Its alkaline nature (pH ~10 in 1% aqueous solution) enables acid neutralization in formulations. The compound forms stable complexes with metal ions, enhancing its utility in metalworking fluids. Notably, TEA demonstrates thermal stability up to 280°C before decomposition begins. Its vapor pressure is low (0.01 mmHg at 20°C), reducing volatility concerns in most applications. The hydroxyl groups enable hydrogen bonding, contributing to its surfactant properties.
Main Applications
In cosmetics, TEA functions as an emulsifier in creams and pH adjuster in hair dyes (5-10% concentrations). The construction industry utilizes it as a grinding aid in cement production (0.01-0.1% dosage) to improve particle dispersion. Industrial applications include acid gas scrubbing (H2S/CO2 removal) due to amine functionality, and as a component in cutting fluids (15-30% blends). Textile manufacturers employ TEA as a dye dispersant, while agrochemical formulations use it as a solubility enhancer for active ingredients.
Safety and Storage
TEA requires handling with nitrile gloves and eye protection due to moderate skin/eye irritation potential (GHS Category 2). Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and cleaned promptly to prevent slippery surfaces. Storage tanks should be constructed from carbon steel or stainless steel, maintaining temperatures below 40°C. Bulk storage life typically exceeds 2 years when protected from atmospheric moisture and CO2 absorption that can form carbamates.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify technical grade (85%) or high purity grade (99%) depending on application requirements. Cosmetic-grade TEA must comply with ISO 16128 or ECOCERT standards for natural origin claims. Procurement contracts should include testing protocols for key parameters: amine value (460-480 mg KOH/g), water content (<1%), and color (APHA <50). Container options range from 200kg drums for trial orders to isotanks for multi-ton shipments, with freight considerations for its viscous nature.
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