Tributyrin
Overview
Tributyrin is a triglyceride composed of glycerol esterified with three butyric acid molecules. It occurs naturally in butter and is synthesized for industrial and research purposes. Its hydrolysis releases butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid with significant biological effects. As a food additive, tributyrin is valued for its buttery flavor and potential health benefits. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a prodrug for butyric acid, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Its stability and non-toxic profile make it suitable for diverse applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Tributyrin is a colorless to light yellow oily liquid with a characteristic odor. It has a density of 1.032 g/cm³ and a boiling point of 305-310°C. The compound is insoluble in water but miscible with organic solvents like ethanol and ether. Under normal conditions, tributyrin is chemically stable but hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes (e.g., lipases) or strong acids/bases. This property is exploited in controlled-release formulations, where it gradually releases butyric acid in the gastrointestinal tract.
Main Applications
In the food industry, tributyrin is used as a flavoring agent, imparting a buttery taste to baked goods and dairy products. Its GRAS status ensures safety for human consumption. Pharmaceutical applications include its use as an excipient in drug delivery systems, particularly for colon-targeted therapies. Research highlights its role in modulating gut microbiota and potential anti-cancer effects due to butyrate release. Additionally, it serves as a model compound in lipid metabolism studies.
Safety and Storage
Tributyrin is generally safe but requires proper handling to avoid degradation. Store in airtight containers at room temperature, protected from moisture and light. Prolonged exposure to heat or strong oxidizers should be avoided. While non-toxic, direct skin contact may cause mild irritation. Use gloves and goggles when handling large quantities. Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent vapor accumulation.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing tributyrin, prioritize suppliers with ISO or GMP certifications for pharmaceutical-grade material. Specify purity requirements (typically 95-99%) and request COA (Certificate of Analysis) for each batch. Bulk pricing varies by quantity and purity; negotiate contracts for long-term supply. For food or pharmaceutical use, verify regulatory compliance (e.g., FDA, EFSA). Sample testing is recommended to confirm consistency in odor, color, and solubility.
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