Overview
Titanium Nitride (TiN) is a refractory ceramic compound renowned for its exceptional hardness and thermal stability. Synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), it forms a lustrous golden coating that resists wear, corrosion, and oxidation. Industrial adoption began in the 1970s for cutting tools, and it now spans aerospace, medical, and decorative sectors. As a non-stoichiometric compound, TiN can vary in nitrogen content, influencing its mechanical properties. Its biocompatibility and conductivity further enable specialized uses in electronics and implantable devices. The material’s versatility stems from its unique combination of metallic and covalent bonding.
Physical and Chemical Properties
TiN exhibits a cubic crystal structure (NaCl-type) with a lattice constant of 4.24 Å. Its hardness (2,400 HV) surpasses most steels, making it ideal for abrasive environments. The material maintains stability up to 600°C in air, though oxidation occurs above this threshold, forming TiO₂. Electrically, TiN acts as a conductive ceramic with resistivity ~20 μΩ·cm. Its golden hue results from optical interband transitions, with a reflectance spectrum peaking at 550 nm. Chemically inert, it resists attacks from acids (except aqua regia) and alkalis, ensuring longevity in harsh conditions.
Main Applications
Industrial cutting tools (drills, end mills) account for ~60% of TiN usage, where coatings reduce friction and triple tool life. Medical applications include scalpels and orthopedic implants due to biocompatibility and bacterial resistance. In semiconductors, TiN serves as a diffusion barrier in microchips. The decorative sector leverages its gold-like appearance for watch components and architectural finishes. Emerging uses comprise solar cell coatings and battery electrodes, capitalizing on its electrical properties. PVD-coated TiN on consumer gadgets (e.g., smartphone frames) combines aesthetics with scratch resistance.
Safety and Storage
TiN powder requires handling as a particulate hazard; NIOSH-approved N95 masks are recommended during processing. Bulk material poses minimal risk but should avoid contact with strong oxidizers (e.g., peroxides). Store in sealed containers under argon or nitrogen to prevent moisture absorption. For coated products, standard industrial safety protocols apply during machining to prevent inhalation of generated dust. Spills should be collected dry; water may disperse fine particles.
B2B Procurement Guide
Specify technical parameters: coating thickness (typically 2–5 μm), adhesion strength (≥70 N via scratch test), and hardness (verified by nanoindentation). For powder, demand particle size distribution (e.g., 1–10 μm) and oxygen content (<0.5%). Supplier audits should confirm ISO 9001 certification and batch consistency. Sample testing under operational conditions (e.g., dry machining for tools) is advised. Lead times vary: 2–4 weeks for coatings, longer for custom formulations. MOQs start at 1 kg for R&D, with bulk discounts above 100 kg.
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