Titanium isopropoxide

Updated: 2026-09-16

Overview

Titanium isopropoxide (TIPT) is a versatile organotitanium compound with the formula Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4. It serves as a key precursor in sol-gel chemistry due to its ability to form titanium dioxide (TiO2) upon hydrolysis. Industrially, it is valued for its catalytic and crosslinking properties. First synthesized in the early 20th century, TIPT is now produced via the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol. Its moisture sensitivity necessitates strict handling protocols, but this reactivity is exploited in applications like thin-film coatings and nanocomposites.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Titanium isopropoxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a characteristic alcohol-like odor. It exhibits a density of 0.96 g/cm³ and boils at 232°C. The compound is highly soluble in organic solvents but reacts violently with water, releasing isopropanol and forming titanium dioxide. As a Lewis acid, TIPT readily coordinates with electron donors, making it effective in polymerization and esterification reactions. Its thermal stability allows use in high-temperature processes, though decomposition occurs above 250°C. Key handling challenges include its flammability (flash point: 12°C) and corrosivity.

Main Applications

In coatings, TIPT acts as a crosslinker to enhance adhesion and weather resistance, particularly in automotive and aerospace paints. It is also pivotal in sol-gel-derived ceramics, enabling the production of high-purity TiO2 films for optical and electronic devices. The compound catalyzes esterification and transesterification reactions in plasticizer and biodiesel production. Emerging uses include nanoparticle synthesis (e.g., for photocatalysts) and biomedical coatings due to its biocompatibility. Its role in adhesive formulations improves bonding strength for metals and polymers.

Safety and Storage

Titanium isopropoxide requires careful handling to avoid hydrolysis or combustion. Store in airtight containers under nitrogen or argon, away from moisture and ignition sources. Use corrosion-resistant materials (e.g., stainless steel) for storage equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) like nitrile gloves, goggles, and flame-resistant lab coats is mandatory. Spills should be neutralized with dry sand or vermiculite, never water. Dispose of waste via licensed hazardous waste handlers, complying with local regulations (e.g., EPA in the U.S.).

B2B Procurement Guide

When sourcing TIPT, prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-specific COAs (Certificates of Analysis). Technical-grade (≥97%) is common for industrial use, while ≥99% purity is preferred for electronics. Bulk purchases (drums or IBCs) reduce costs but require nitrogen blanketing to prevent degradation. Audit suppliers for proper logistics (e.g., temperature-controlled transport). Sample testing for moisture content and catalytic activity is recommended before large orders. Spot prices fluctuate with titanium metal market trends.