Overview
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium and one of the most important industrial white pigments. It exists in three crystalline forms: rutile (most stable), anatase, and brookite. The compound's exceptional light-scattering properties derive from its high refractive index (2.7 for rutile), making it brighter and more opaque than alternative white pigments. Commercial production primarily follows either the sulfate process (older method) or chloride process (more modern). Approximately 4.6 million metric tons were produced globally in 2022, with major manufacturers concentrated in China, North America, and Europe. Its non-toxic nature allows diverse applications from industrial coatings to food additives.
Physical and Chemical Properties
TiO2 exhibits remarkable thermal stability with a melting point exceeding 1800°C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. The rutile form demonstrates superior weather resistance and higher density compared to anatase, which has slightly higher photocatalytic activity. Both forms are wide-bandgap semiconductors (3.0-3.2 eV), absorbing UV light while transmitting visible light. Chemically, titanium dioxide is amphoteric, reacting with both strong acids and bases at elevated temperatures but remaining inert under normal conditions. Its photocatalytic properties under UV light require stabilization through surface treatments in many applications. Particle size typically ranges from 200-300 nm for optimal light scattering efficiency in pigmentary uses.
Main Applications
In paints and coatings (60% of global demand), TiO2 provides opacity, durability, and brightness. Architectural paints typically contain 15-25% TiO2 by weight. Plastics industry usage (20% demand) improves whiteness and UV resistance in products from PVC pipes to food packaging. The paper industry employs TiO2 for high-brightness papers and laminates. Personal care applications include sunscreens (nanoparticulate TiO2 as physical UV filter) and cosmetics (opacifier). Food-grade TiO2 (E171), though restricted in some regions, whitens products like chewing gum and dairy alternatives. Emerging uses include photovoltaic cells, photocatalysis for air/water purification, and as a support material in chemical catalysts.
Safety and Storage
While bulk TiO2 is generally considered low-risk, inhalation of fine powder requires respiratory protection due to potential lung irritation. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies TiO2 powder as possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B) based on animal inhalation studies, though human risk remains unproven. EU regulations require hazard labeling for powder forms containing >1% particles ≤10 μm. Storage should prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Bulk bags should be kept sealed in dry warehouses with <75% humidity. Avoid contact with strong reducing agents or aluminum (thermite reaction risk at very high temperatures). Spills should be cleaned with dust suppression methods to prevent airborne particles.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should first specify the required crystal form - rutile for maximum durability (exterior paints), anatase for higher photocatalytic activity, or specialized surface-treated grades. Key specifications include TiO2 content (typically 92-99%), oil absorption value, and resistance to yellowing. Supply chain considerations have grown critical due to geopolitical factors affecting major producers. Many manufacturers now offer 'green' TiO2 with reduced carbon footprint. For food/pharma applications, verify compliance with FDA 21 CFR 73.575 or EU Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. Bulk shipments often utilize 25kg multi-wall paper bags or 1-ton super sacks with polyethylene liners.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：钛⽩粉、锐钛型钛⽩粉、立德粉、氯化法钛白粉、金红石钛白粉、锐钛型纳米钛白粉、二氧化钛钛白粉、氯化法型钛白粉、油漆钛白颜料、工业级立德粉、高白无机颜料、工业颜料、二氧化钛粉末、无机化工颜料、⾦红⽯型钛⽩粉、二氧化钛、硫酸钡、沉淀硫酸钡
- 主营：[]
- 主营：硫酸钡、碳酸钙、铝银浆、钛白粉、钛白粉工厂、龙佰钛白粉、龙蟒钛白粉、攀钢钛白粉、钛白粉 996、七水硫酸亚铁、颜料、欧米亚碳酸钙、苏达山颜料、重质碳酸钙、上海颜钛、颜钛、颜钛集团
- 主营：硫酸钡、BA01-01、立德粉、金红石钛白粉、钛白粉、锐钛型钛白粉、油漆涂料用钛白粉、钛白粉R996、塑料橡胶用钛白粉、油墨用钛白粉、高稳定性锐钛型钛白粉、工业级锐钛型钛白粉、通用型锐钛型钛白粉、902+钛白粉、造纸用锐钛型钛白粉、工业级R996钛白粉、工业级金红石型钛白粉、ZR940+、二氧化钛涂料
- 主营：[]
- 主营：钛白粉、氯化法钛白粉、锐钛型纳米钛白粉、氯化法型钛白粉、立德粉
- 主营：[]
- 主营：钛白粉、二氧化钛钛白粉、塑料跑道、工业涂料、颜料油漆填充料
- 主营：二氧化钛、高纯二氧化钛、耐高温二氧化钛、钛白粉、金红石型钛白粉、锐钛型钛白粉、钛白粉厂家、高遮盖钛白粉、耐高温钛白粉、工业级钛白粉、无机颜料
- 主营：钛白粉、金红石钛白粉、锐钛型钛白粉、出口钛白粉、进口钛白粉、氯化法钛白粉、立德粉、硫酸钡
- 主营：立德粉、硫酸钡、超细硫酸钡、钛白粉、金红石型钛白粉、锐钛型钛白粉、氯化法钛白粉、道路标线钛白粉、出口钛白粉、进口钛白粉、型材专用钛白粉、高白钛白粉、工业级钛白粉、高白立德粉
- 主营：硫酸钡、高岭土、滑石粉、钛白粉、化工颜料、钛白颜料、锌系列立德、油墨专用颜料、碳酸钙、纤维素醚、铁系颜料、化纤级
- 主营：钛白粉、造纸消泡剂
- 主营：立德粉、金红石型二氧化钛、锐钛型钛日粉BA01、钛白粉、金红石型钛白粉、工业级钛白粉、二氧化钛锐钛型钛白粉、高纯超细氧化钛白粉、立德粉B-301、工业级立德粉、超细立德粉、无机白色颜料、油墨白色颜料、高白无机颜料、立德粉B-311
- 主营：原厂原包钛白粉
- 主营：二氧化钛、金红石型二氧化钛、二氧化钛TA-100、钛白粉、通用级钛白粉、锐钛型钛白粉、TA-100钛白粉、TR-215钛白粉、钛白粉TR-215、金红石型钛白粉、锐钛钛白粉、红金石型钛白粉、钛白粉TA-100、TR-215二氧化钛、TA-100二氧化钛、锐钛型二氧化钛、锐钛型TA-100、TA-100、TR-215、二氧化钛颜料、颜料、无机颜料、TR-215金红石型、水性涂料、二氧化钛TR-215
- 主营：二氧化钛、异氟尔酮、油酸酰胺、钛白粉、二辛酯、二丁酯、片碱、草酸、丙三醇、异丙醇、氨水、乙酸乙酯、氧化铁绿、氧化铁红、硬脂酸、马林酸树脂、二甲基硅油、钙粉、甘油、次氯酸钠、辛醇、乙醇、甲醇、荧光增白剂、甲基硅油
- 主营：次氯酸钠、铝溶胶、乙二醇、钛白粉、甲基硅酸、三乙醇胺、二甲基亚砜、液体泡花碱、液碱、氢氧化钠、蒸馏水去离子水、二氯甲烷、软水盐、DMF、二甲基甲酰胺、聚乙二醇200、400、600、水玻璃、乙醇、甲酸、草酸、大苏打、冰醋酸、苯酚、氨水
- 主营：食品级甘油、十六醇、十八醇、钛白粉氯、十六十八醇、月桂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸、丙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇
- 主营：异丙醇、制冷剂、苯乙烯、钛白粉、二甲胺、四氢呋喃、环氧氯丙烷、环氧丙烷、泡花碱、漂白粉、硫酸氢氨、三甲胺、保险粉、叔丁醇、环丁砜、清洗剂、漂白剂、着色剂、磷酸、溴化铜、液碱、氨水、异丙醚、片碱
- 主营：酒石酸、苯甲酸、苯丙乳液、钛白粉、背胶乳液、酸度调节剂、高效胶粘剂、玻璃幕墙清洗剂、卡松防腐剂、升华水杨酸、松香酸钠、消泡剂、苯甲酸钠、松香
- 主营：增塑剂、硬脂酸、pvc助剂、钛白粉、辛酯DOP DOTP DOA TOTM、发泡剂、脱模剂、润滑剂、树脂粉、稳定剂、丙三醇、丙二醇、纳米钙粉、绿宝甘油、氯化石蜡、聚乙烯蜡、抗冲增韧剂、发泡调节剂、表面活性剂、氯化聚乙烯、工业级白油、MBS、ACR401、二丁酯DBP、EBS、环氧大豆油
- 主营：硬脂酸、氧化锌、石蜡、钛白粉、稳定剂、橡胶促进剂M、橡胶促进剂DM、橡胶促进剂TMTD、橡胶促进剂CZ、橡胶促进剂、乳胶促进剂
- 主营：负离子液、水溶负离子、二氧化钍、钛白粉厂家、氧化铁颜料、清除剂、碳酸钙、能量粉、粘土粉、陶土粉、金属硅、重钙粉、水溶负离子晶体、麦饭石粉、立德粉、石榴石砂、石英砂、蛭石、硫铁砂、火山石、石英粉、负离子粉、硅藻土、陶瓷球、钒铁、滑石粉
- 主营：白色色母、塑料抗氧化剂、颜料、金红石型钛白粉、彩色色母、色母、色母批发、色母定制、高浓度色母、珠光颜料、ABS色母、电线电缆色母、珠光色母、荧光颜料、吹膜色母、注塑色母、流纹色母、发泡剂、高光填充料、大理石色母、经济型白色色母、珍珠棉专用色母、高光黑色母、注塑通用色母、化工桶色母、pe色母