Overview
Titanium diboride (TiB2) particles are a type of ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) material characterized by their exceptional hardness, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. They belong to the class of transition metal borides and are synthesized through processes like carbothermal reduction or self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). TiB2 is chemically inert and resistant to oxidation, making it suitable for extreme environments. In industrial applications, TiB2 particles are valued for their ability to enhance composite materials, providing improved wear resistance and mechanical strength. Their unique combination of properties has led to widespread use in sectors such as metallurgy, aerospace, and electronics.
Physical and Chemical Properties
TiB2 particles exhibit a hexagonal crystal structure, contributing to their high hardness (approximately 25-35 GPa) and melting point (2,925°C). They possess excellent thermal conductivity (24-60 W/m·K) and electrical conductivity (resistivity ~15 µΩ·cm), which are uncommon for ceramic materials. These properties make TiB2 particles ideal for applications requiring thermal and electrical management. Chemically, TiB2 is stable in non-oxidizing environments but can oxidize above 1,000°C in air. It is resistant to most acids and alkalis, though prolonged exposure to hydrofluoric acid (HF) can degrade it. The material's low thermal expansion coefficient (4.6-8.1 × 10⁻⁶/K) ensures dimensional stability under thermal cycling.
Main Applications
TiB2 particles are widely used in refractory materials, particularly in aluminum smelting as cathode coatings to reduce energy consumption. Their wear resistance makes them suitable for cutting tools, abrasives, and ballistic armor. In aerospace, TiB2-reinforced composites improve turbine blade durability. The electronics industry utilizes TiB2 in thin-film coatings for semiconductors and as electrodes in electrochemical applications. Recent research explores its potential in additive manufacturing (3D printing) for high-performance components. The material's compatibility with aluminum matrices has also spurred interest in lightweight automotive composites.
Safety and Storage
While TiB2 particles are generally stable, fine powders can pose inhalation risks. Use NIOSH-approved dust masks (N95 or better) and ensure local exhaust ventilation during handling. Avoid generating airborne dust through wet processing or enclosed systems. Store TiB2 in sealed, moisture-proof containers away from strong acids. Label containers clearly and segregate from incompatible materials. In case of skin contact, wash thoroughly with water. For eye exposure, rinse with copious water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing TiB2 particles, prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification for quality assurance. Key specifications include purity (typically 99% or higher), particle size distribution (D50 value), and crystalline phase purity (avoid amorphous content). Request certificates of analysis (CoA) with batch-specific data on oxygen/carbon content and metallic impurities. For large orders, consider pilot testing to verify performance in your application. Bulk pricing tiers usually apply above 100 kg, with discounts for long-term contracts. Lead times vary from 2-8 weeks depending on customization requirements.
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