Overview
Tetrasaccharides are carbohydrates consisting of four monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. Common examples include stachyose (found in legumes) and lychnose (from certain plants). They are classified as oligosaccharides and often exhibit prebiotic properties by selectively stimulating beneficial gut bacteria. Unlike monosaccharides or disaccharides, tetrasaccharides are less sweet and more chemically stable. They occur naturally in plants, where they serve as energy reserves or osmolytes. Industrially, they are extracted or synthesized for functional food additives and biomedical applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Tetrasaccharides are typically white, odorless powders with high water solubility due to their hydroxyl groups. Their molecular weight ranges between 600–700 g/mol, depending on the constituent monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, galactose, fructose). Chemically, they are non-reducing sugars, making them resistant to Maillard reactions. Their stability varies with pH and temperature; most decompose above 180°C without melting. Spectroscopic methods (NMR, HPLC) are used to characterize their structure and purity.
Main Applications
In the food industry, tetrasaccharides like stachyose are used as low-calorie sweeteners and prebiotics to enhance gut health. They are added to infant formula, dairy products, and dietary supplements. Pharmaceutical applications include drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility. In cosmetics, they act as humectants. Research-grade tetrasaccharides are tools for studying carbohydrate metabolism and enzymatic pathways.
Safety and Storage
Tetrasaccharides are generally safe but may cause gastrointestinal discomfort if consumed in excess. Occupational exposure requires standard PPE (gloves, masks) to avoid inhalation of fine particles. Store in airtight containers at room temperature (15–25°C) with <60% humidity. Shelf life is typically 2–3 years when stored properly. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers.
B2B Procurement Guide
Buyers should specify purity (e.g., ≥95% for food/pharma use), origin (plant-derived vs. synthetic), and packaging (bulk drums vs. retail sizes). Request certificates of analysis (COA) for heavy metals, microbiological limits, and residual solvents. Suppliers may offer custom modifications (e.g., encapsulation). MOQs vary; sample testing is recommended. Prices fluctuate based on raw material availability (e.g., legume harvests for stachyose).
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