Overview
Tetradecanedioic acid is a 14-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid primarily used as a specialty chemical intermediate. Its bifunctional structure (two carboxyl groups) makes it valuable for polymerization reactions. The compound is synthesized through oxidation of cyclododecanone or via fermentation processes. Industrial production is limited to specialized chemical manufacturers, with major suppliers located in Europe, North America, and Asia. It occupies a niche position between shorter-chain dicarboxylic acids (e.g., adipic acid) and longer-chain versions used in premium applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a solid at room temperature, tetradecanedioic acid exhibits typical carboxylic acid reactivity, including esterification and salt formation. Its extended hydrocarbon chain contributes to hydrophobic character, reflected in the low water solubility (0.1 g/L at 25°C). The thermal properties make it suitable for high-temperature applications, with decomposition only occurring above 300°C. In contrast to shorter dicarboxylic acids, its crystallization behavior requires careful control during industrial handling to prevent caking or bridging in storage silos.
Main Applications
Approximately 60% of production is consumed by polymer industries, where it serves as a monomer for engineering plastics like polyamides and copolyesters. These materials exhibit enhanced flexibility and chemical resistance compared to those made with shorter-chain acids. In lubricant formulations (20% of use), it functions as a corrosion inhibitor and viscosity modifier. Emerging applications include bio-based plasticizers and pharmaceutical intermediates, though these currently represent smaller market segments. The acid's derivatives are also investigated for use in specialty adhesives and coatings.
Safety and Storage
Classified as non-hazardous under GHS standards, tetradecanedioic acid requires standard chemical handling precautions. Dust control measures are critical during processing due to potential respiratory irritation (TLV: 10 mg/m³). For long-term storage, nitrogen blanketing is recommended to prevent surface oxidation. Bulk shipments typically use multi-layer bags with moisture barriers. Shelf life exceeds 24 months when stored below 30°C with relative humidity under 65%. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed as chemical waste.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify technical grade (≥98% purity) or polymer grade (≥99.5%) depending on application. Key quality indicators include acid value (420-435 mg KOH/g) and melting point consistency. Supply contracts often include minimum order quantities (500kg-1MT) with lead times of 4-8 weeks. Regional pricing variations exist, with Asian suppliers typically offering 10-15% lower costs than European producers. Third-party lab certification (e.g., SGS) is advisable for new suppliers. Just-in-time inventory is discouraged due to production batch frequency.
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