Overview
Tetrabromoethane is a halogenated organic compound with the formula C2H2Br4. It is primarily synthesized through the bromination of acetylene or ethylene derivatives. The compound's high bromine content (92% by weight) makes it valuable for flame-retardant applications. Industrially, it serves as a reactive intermediate in the production of specialized polymers and agrochemicals. Its non-flammable nature and solvent properties also lend utility in niche laboratory and manufacturing processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a dense, viscous liquid, tetrabromoethane exhibits limited water solubility but mixes readily with most organic solvents. Its high density (2.96 g/cm³) allows it to function as a separation medium in mineral processing. The compound decomposes at temperatures above 244°C, releasing hydrogen bromide gas. It reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers and alkali metals. UV light exposure may cause gradual decomposition, necessitating amber glass storage for long-term stability.
Main Applications
In the plastics industry, tetrabromoethane is incorporated into ABS, polystyrene, and polyolefins to enhance fire resistance. It's particularly effective in electrical enclosures and automotive components where UL94 V-0 ratings are required. The compound also finds use as a heavy liquid in mineral separation (density gradient method) and as a solvent for NMR spectroscopy. Pharmaceutical manufacturers employ it as a brominating agent in synthesis processes.
Safety and Storage
Tetrabromoethane requires careful handling due to its toxicity and potential environmental persistence. PPE including nitrile gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection is mandatory during bulk transfers. Storage should occur in HDPE or glass containers with tight seals, ideally under nitrogen blanket to prevent oxidation. Spill containment measures must include bromine-neutralizing agents like sodium thiosulfate solutions. Disposal must comply with local halogenated waste regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with REACH or TSCA certifications. Key specifications to verify include bromine content (≥92%), water content (<0.1%), and acid value (<0.5 mg KOH/g). For flame retardant applications, request third-party test reports showing compatibility with target polymers. Bulk shipments typically use 200kg drums or IBC totes. Consider regional bromine regulations when importing/exporting.
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