Overview
Tar is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons produced through the destructive distillation of organic materials. Coal tar, the most common industrial variety, is a byproduct of coke production from coal. Wood tar, historically significant, is derived from pyrolysis of wood. Petroleum-based tars are also commercially available. These materials have been used for millennia, with evidence of tar use dating back to Neolithic times for waterproofing and adhesive purposes. Modern applications leverage tar's durability and resistance to environmental degradation.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Tar's properties vary significantly depending on its source material and production method. Coal tar typically contains hundreds of compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and heterocyclic compounds. It appears as a black, viscous liquid with a distinctive pungent odor. The material exhibits excellent waterproofing characteristics and strong adhesion to various surfaces. Its viscosity decreases with temperature, making it easier to apply when heated. The complex chemical composition provides resistance to microbial degradation and environmental weathering.
Main Applications
The primary use of tar is in road construction, where it serves as a binder in asphalt concrete. Coal tar pitch is particularly valued for its durability in high-traffic areas. Roofing applications account for significant consumption, especially in built-up roofing systems and shingle manufacturing. Other important uses include wood preservation (particularly for railroad ties and utility poles), pipe coating for corrosion protection, and as a feedstock for chemical production. Specialty applications include medicinal uses in dermatology (though declining due to carcinogenicity concerns) and as a flavoring agent in certain food products (highly regulated).
Safety and Storage
Tar requires careful handling due to its flammability and health hazards. The material contains known carcinogens, particularly benzo(a)pyrene and other PAHs. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection is essential when handling hot tar or generating vapors. Storage should be in tightly sealed containers away from heat sources and open flames. Secondary containment is recommended to prevent environmental contamination in case of leaks. Facilities should have appropriate ventilation systems to prevent vapor accumulation, which can be both toxic and explosive at certain concentrations.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring tar for industrial applications, buyers should specify the source material (coal, wood, or petroleum), viscosity grade, and softening point requirements. The intended application determines the necessary specifications - roofing grades differ from road construction requirements, for instance. Quality certifications such as ASTM standards (e.g., ASTM D490 for road tars) provide assurance of product consistency. Bulk procurement typically offers cost advantages, but requires consideration of storage capabilities and usage rates. Environmental regulations may dictate specific formulations in certain regions, particularly regarding PAH content.
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