Overview
Sulfo-Cyanine Dyes are a class of synthetic fluorescent compounds modified with sulfonic acid groups (-SO₃H) to enhance water solubility. Derived from traditional cyanine dyes, they exhibit superior performance in aqueous environments, making them ideal for biological applications. Their tunable optical properties allow customization for specific wavelengths, enabling multiplexed detection in assays. These dyes are engineered to minimize aggregation and nonspecific binding, critical for high-signal-to-noise imaging. Common variants include sulfo-Cy3, sulfo-Cy5, and sulfo-Cy7, each optimized for different instrumentation (e.g., 488 nm, 633 nm, or 750 nm lasers). Patent-protected formulations are frequently used in commercial diagnostic kits.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Sulfo-Cyanine Dyes feature strong absorption and emission peaks in visible to near-infrared ranges (500–800 nm), with molar extinction coefficients exceeding 100,000 M⁻¹cm⁻¹. The sulfonation increases polarity, reducing organic solvent requirements during labeling reactions. They maintain fluorescence intensity across pH 4–9, unlike non-sulfonated analogs. Thermal stability is moderate, with decomposition temperatures above 250°C. Photostability varies; sulfo-Cy5 typically withstands >30 minutes of continuous illumination at 10 mW/cm². Quantum yields range from 0.2–0.8 depending on the conjugate environment. Shelf life is 2–3 years when stored properly.
Main Applications
In biomedical research, these dyes label antibodies for flow cytometry (e.g., CD marker detection) and proteins for Western blotting. Their NIR variants (e.g., sulfo-Cy7) enable deep-tissue imaging in animal studies. Diagnostic manufacturers utilize them in lateral flow assays for COVID-19 and cancer biomarkers. Industrial uses include security inks and optical sensors. A notable B2B application is custom oligonucleotide labeling for next-generation sequencing probes, where batch-to-batch consistency is critical. Recent advances include PET-MRI dual-modality tracers using sulfo-Cyanine-64Cu complexes.
Safety and Storage
While generally non-hazardous, powder forms may cause eye/skin irritation. SDS recommends PPE (gloves, goggles) during handling. Aqueous solutions are stable for weeks at 4°C but degrade upon repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Lyophilized powders should be equilibrated to room temperature before opening to prevent condensation. Incompatibilities include strong oxidizers and heavy metal ions. For disposal, small quantities can be neutralized with activated carbon. Large-scale users should implement photobleaching waste treatment to break down fluorescent activity before environmental release.
B2B Procurement Guide
Bulk buyers should request HPLC purity certificates (>95% preferred) and mass spectrometry validation. Key specifications are dye-to-protein ratio (for conjugates) and free sulfonate content (<5%). MOQ for custom synthesis is typically 1–10 g, with lead times of 4–8 weeks. Pricing tiers apply: research-grade (90% purity) costs ~$100/g, while GMP-grade for IVD applications reaches $1,000/g. Regional suppliers in China (e.g., Xi'an Ruixi Biological) offer competitive alternatives to Western brands like Lumiprobe. Just-in-time delivery is advisable due to light sensitivity.
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