Overview
Stannic Chloride (SnCl4) is a versatile inorganic compound widely used in industrial and laboratory settings. It is a colorless to pale yellow fuming liquid with a pungent odor, known for its strong Lewis acid properties. The compound is highly reactive with water, releasing hydrogen chloride gas. In industrial applications, Stannic Chloride serves as a precursor for other tin compounds and is valued for its catalytic properties. Its ability to form stable complexes with organic and inorganic molecules makes it indispensable in chemical synthesis and surface treatment processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Stannic Chloride exhibits a density of 2.23 g/cm³ at 20°C and melts at -33°C, boiling at 114°C. It is hygroscopic, readily absorbing moisture from the air, which leads to hydrolysis and the release of HCl gas. The compound is soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether but reacts violently with water. As a strong Lewis acid, it forms adducts with Lewis bases and is often used to catalyze Friedel-Crafts reactions. Its corrosive nature necessitates careful handling, as it can damage metals, plastics, and biological tissues upon contact.
Main Applications
Stannic Chloride is primarily employed in electroplating, where it deposits tin coatings on metals to enhance corrosion resistance and solderability. It is also used in the manufacture of conductive glass (e.g., for touchscreens) and as a catalyst in the production of pharmaceuticals and dyes. In organic chemistry, it facilitates acylations and alkylations. Additionally, it serves as a mordant in textile dyeing and a stabilizer for perfumes and soaps. Its role in creating tin-based polymers and ceramics further underscores its industrial significance.
Safety and Storage
Due to its corrosive and hygroscopic nature, Stannic Chloride must be stored in airtight, corrosion-resistant containers (e.g., glass or PTFE-lined steel). Avoid exposure to moisture and heat, which can trigger hazardous reactions. Storage areas should be well-ventilated and equipped with spill containment measures. Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and acid-resistant aprons, is mandatory during handling. In case of skin contact, rinse immediately with water and seek medical attention. Always work under fume hoods to prevent inhalation of toxic fumes.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring Stannic Chloride, prioritize suppliers with ISO or GMP certifications to ensure product consistency and safety. Key specifications to verify include purity (≥99%), absence of heavy metal contaminants, and packaging integrity (sealed drums or bottles). Bulk buyers should negotiate pricing based on volume, with prices typically ranging from $50 to $200 per kg. Consider regional logistics, as transportation regulations for corrosive materials may apply. Request SDS (Safety Data Sheets) and conduct small-scale trials to validate performance before large purchases.
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