Overview
Sperm-Associated Antigen 3 (SPAG3) is a protein predominantly expressed in the testis and localized to the sperm surface. It plays a critical role in sperm-egg interaction and male fertility. SPAG3 has been studied for its potential as a biomarker for sperm quality and its involvement in reproductive disorders. First identified in the 1990s, SPAG3 belongs to the family of sperm-associated antigens, which are often targeted in immunological infertility research. Its structure includes conserved domains that facilitate binding to zona pellucida proteins during fertilization.
Physical and Chemical Properties
SPAG3 is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa, though post-translational modifications may cause variability. It is soluble in standard physiological buffers and stable at -20°C when properly stored. The protein's functional domains enable it to interact with other sperm proteins and extracellular matrices. Its isoelectric point and glycosylation patterns are areas of ongoing research, as these properties may influence its role in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.
Main Applications
In research, SPAG3 is primarily used to study sperm function and male infertility mechanisms. It serves as a target for antibody development in diagnostic assays, particularly for immunological infertility screening. Biotechnology companies supply recombinant SPAG3 for assay standardization and vaccine development. Its potential applications extend to contraceptive research, where blocking SPAG3 interactions could inhibit fertilization.
Safety and Storage
As a biological material, SPAG3 requires standard biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) handling. Use gloves and avoid inhalation or direct contact. Lyophilized forms should be reconstituted with sterile buffers to prevent contamination. For long-term stability, store aliquots at -20°C or below. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which may degrade the protein. Suppliers typically provide stability data for their specific formulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring SPAG3 for commercial or research use, prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 or GMP certification for diagnostic-grade material. Key specifications include purity (>90% by SDS-PAGE), endotoxin levels (<1 EU/μg), and validation data for intended applications (e.g., ELISA, Western blot). Bulk purchases (10+ mg) often qualify for discounted pricing. Consider requesting custom conjugates (e.g., biotinylated or FITC-labeled) for assay development. Lead times for recombinant variants may extend to 4-6 weeks due to expression and purification processes.
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