Overview
Berkelium (Bk) is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the atomic number 97. It is part of the actinide series and is named after the city of Berkeley, California, where it was first synthesized in 1949 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory. Berkelium is not found naturally and is produced artificially through nuclear reactions. Due to its radioactivity and scarcity, berkelium has limited practical applications. However, it plays a significant role in scientific research, particularly in the study of heavy element chemistry and nuclear physics. Its isotopes, such as berkelium-249, are used as targets for the production of heavier elements like lawrencium and nobelium.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Berkelium is a silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly in air. It has a density of approximately 14.78 g/cm³ and melts at 986°C. The element exhibits paramagnetic properties and is relatively soft compared to other actinides. Chemically, berkelium behaves similarly to other actinides, forming compounds in the +3 and +4 oxidation states. It reacts with oxygen, halogens, and acids but is relatively stable in dry air at room temperature. Due to its radioactivity, handling berkelium requires stringent safety protocols to prevent contamination and exposure.
Main Applications
Berkelium's primary use is in scientific research, particularly in the synthesis of heavier transuranic elements. Isotopes like berkelium-249 serve as targets in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators to produce elements such as lawrencium and nobelium. Additionally, berkelium is studied for its chemical properties to understand the behavior of actinides. Its limited availability and high radioactivity restrict its use to specialized laboratories and research institutions. There are no known commercial applications for berkelium due to these constraints.
Safety and Storage
Berkelium is highly radioactive and poses significant health risks if not handled properly. Exposure can lead to radiation poisoning, increasing the risk of cancer and other health issues. Proper shielding, such as lead or thick concrete, is essential when working with berkelium. Storage requires an inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation and contamination. Facilities handling berkelium must adhere to strict regulatory guidelines, including licensing and regular safety audits. Disposal of berkelium waste must follow nuclear waste management protocols to ensure environmental and public safety.
B2B Procurement Guide
Procuring berkelium is highly specialized due to its radioactivity and restricted availability. Only licensed research institutions and government agencies can typically acquire it. Suppliers are limited, often including national laboratories or nuclear research facilities. Costs are extremely high, and procurement involves lengthy regulatory approvals. Buyers should ensure their facilities meet safety standards for handling radioactive materials. Due to its niche use, berkelium is usually produced on demand rather than stocked, leading to long lead times.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：单片机、可编程逻辑器件、RENESAS瑞萨、BKB2、数据转换芯片、恩智浦、数字信号处理器、中科芯、接口芯片、TI德州仪器、存储芯片、赛灵思、ADI亚德诺、电源芯片、国产芯片
- 主营：安全栅
- 主营：放大器、检测器、滤波器、BK276、调制器、发射器、接收器、衰减器、解调器、变压器、合成器、收发器、偏置器、振荡器、rfid天线、终端负载、隔直流器、微波射频、集成电路、同轴开关、接入监控ic、频率综合器、射频适配器、多路复用器、耦合器电桥、定向耦合器
- 主营：放大器、检测器、滤波器、TMP05BKSZ、调制器、发射器、接收器、衰减器、解调器、变压器、收发器、偏置器、振荡器、rfid天线、终端负载、隔直流器、微波射频、集成电路、同轴开关、接入监控ic、频率综合器、射频适配器、定向耦合器、耦合器电桥、多路复用器、rfid读取模块
- 主营：PPS塑料、LCP塑料、POM塑料、BK1066、PC塑料、PCTG塑料
- 主营：继电器、钽电容、集成电路、DS3BK002DPL、半导休、IC、欧姆龙、芯科、迈来芯、松下
- 主营：BK、tpa3116d2dadr
- 主营：p+f德国、检测仪、p+f隔离、交换机、传感器、编码器、p+f开关、超声波、中继器、安全栅、指示灯、北极星、倍加福、扫描仪、nbb2-v3-e2、o3pz0114006、总线接口、开关输出、放大模块、供电模块、信号转换、皮带张力、三角测量、开关电源、电压输出
- 主营：催化剂、peg试剂、cy5四氮、活性脂、苯二胺、2406-34-0、乙氧基、试剂cas、环辛烯、生物素、cb-cyclam、实验室、dbco-acid、半乳糖、溴苯基、交联剂、环己炔、荧光素、3694-51-7、ac4galnal、2001-96-9、葡萄糖、环辛炔、直发cas、糖化学
- 主营：放大器、检测器、滤波器、BK377、调制器、接收器、衰减器、解调器、变压器、合成器、收发器、偏置器、振荡器、rfid天线、终端负载、隔直流器、微波射频、集成电路、同轴开关、接入监控ic、频率综合器、便携式仪器、mcl电子开关、压控均衡器、射频适配器、定向耦合器
- 主营：单片机、RENESAS瑞萨、TI德州仪器、BSS138BK、ADI亚德诺、国产芯片替代、XILINX/赛灵思、可编程逻辑器件、电源芯片、接口芯片、DSP数字信号处理器、时钟芯片、中科芯、阿尔特拉、存储芯片、以太网控制芯片、射频芯片、恩智浦、ST意法、中微爱芯、转换芯片、芯科、三星存储
- 主营：美国杜邦PA66、巴斯夫PA6、美国陶氏EAA、BK、铁氟龙PTFE乳液、东丽LCP、美国索尔维PPSU、基础创新塑料PEI、宇 桐PEEK板棒材、美国杜邦PTFE、基础创新PEI
- 主营：圣邦微芯片、TI芯片、顺芯芯片、BK3431S、晶丰明源芯片、GD芯片、中科微芯片、微源芯片、普冉电子、上海贝岭
- 主营：塑胶原料、poe、pp、pc、pom、pc/abs、eva、abs、pvdf、tpu、tpe、tpee、pps、sk、陶氏、三井、PA6、PA66、PA46
- 主营：菲尼克斯、电源、交换机、继电器、接线端子、浪涌保护器、隔离器、模块、电缆、工具