Overview
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Cyclohexane is widely used as a non-polar solvent in industrial applications, particularly in the production of nylon and other synthetic fibers. It is also a key intermediate in chemical synthesis. Cyclohexane is derived from the hydrogenation of benzene, a process that removes the aromaticity of benzene to form a saturated hydrocarbon. This transformation makes cyclohexane less reactive and more suitable for certain industrial processes. The compound is produced on a large scale globally, with major manufacturers located in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Cyclohexane is a non-polar solvent with a density of 0.779 g/cm³ at 20°C. It has a melting point of 6.5°C and a boiling point of 80.7°C. The compound is insoluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents, including ethanol, ether, and acetone. Cyclohexane is highly flammable and forms explosive mixtures with air. It is relatively stable under normal conditions but can react with strong oxidizing agents. The compound exhibits chair and boat conformations, with the chair conformation being more stable due to reduced steric strain.
Main Applications
Cyclohexane is primarily used as a solvent in industrial processes, particularly in the production of nylon. It serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon 6,6 and nylon 6, respectively. In addition to its role in nylon production, cyclohexane is used as a solvent in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, and resins. It is also employed in laboratories as a non-polar solvent for chromatography and other analytical techniques. The compound's ability to dissolve a wide range of organic materials makes it versatile in various chemical processes.
Safety and Storage
Cyclohexane is flammable and should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources. Proper grounding and bonding are essential to prevent static discharge during handling. The compound should be kept in tightly sealed containers to minimize evaporation and reduce fire hazards. Exposure to cyclohexane can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Prolonged or repeated contact may lead to dermatitis. Workers handling cyclohexane should use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring cyclohexane, B2B buyers should verify the purity grade required for their specific application. Technical grade is commonly used for industrial processes, while analytical grade is preferred for laboratory use. Buyers should also ensure that suppliers comply with relevant safety and environmental regulations. Price fluctuations for cyclohexane can occur due to changes in raw material costs and market demand. It is advisable to establish long-term contracts with reliable suppliers to secure stable pricing. Additionally, buyers should consider logistics and storage requirements, as cyclohexane is classified as a hazardous material.
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