Overview
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate powder (NaH2PO4) is an inorganic compound classified as a monosodium salt of phosphoric acid. It is industrially produced by neutralizing phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. The powder is valued for its stability, solubility, and buffering capacity across pH levels. As a GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) substance, it is extensively used in food processing, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment. Its versatility also extends to laboratory settings, where it serves as a reagent and culture medium component.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The anhydrous form of sodium dihydrogen phosphate appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder with a density of 1.40 g/cm³. It decomposes at 200°C without boiling, releasing phosphorous oxides. The compound is highly hygroscopic, requiring careful storage to prevent clumping. Its buffering range (pH 4.1–4.5) makes it ideal for stabilizing solutions. The powder dissolves readily in water (85 g/100 mL at 25°C) but is insoluble in organic solvents. Its chemical stability allows compatibility with most industrial processes, though it reacts with strong bases to form disodium phosphate.
Main Applications
In the food industry, sodium dihydrogen phosphate acts as an emulsifier in processed cheeses and a leavening agent in baked goods. It also regulates acidity in beverages and preserves meat products. The compound’s buffering properties are critical in pharmaceuticals, particularly in IV solutions and tablet formulations. Water treatment plants utilize it to inhibit scale formation in boilers and pipelines. Additionally, it serves as a nutrient source in agricultural fertilizers and microbial culture media. Industrial applications include metal surface treatment and ceramic glazes.
Safety and Storage
While classified as low-toxicity, the powder may cause mild skin/eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of dust should be avoided—use PPE (gloves, masks) during handling. Spills can be neutralized with water and disposed of per local regulations. Store in cool (<25°C), dry conditions within sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption. Incompatible materials include strong alkalis and oxidizing agents. Shelf life typically exceeds 2 years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
Bulk purchasers should prioritize suppliers offering food-grade (FCC) or analytical-grade purity (≥98%). Verify certifications like ISO, HACCP, or Kosher/Halal for specific industry needs. Standard packaging includes 25kg polyethylene-lined woven bags or custom quantities. Request COA (Certificate of Analysis) for parameters like heavy metal content (<10 ppm) and loss on drying. Logistics should ensure moisture-proof transit. For reference, bulk orders (1+ metric tons) commonly cost $1.50–$3.00/kg, with discounts for long-term contracts.
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