Overview
Sodium deoxycholate is a bile salt derived from cholic acid, commonly used in biochemical and pharmaceutical industries. It acts as a detergent and emulsifier, facilitating cell membrane disruption and protein solubilization. Its mild properties make it suitable for sensitive applications like DNA/RNA extraction and vaccine production. As a naturally occurring compound, sodium deoxycholate is biodegradable and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for specific uses. It is synthesized via the alkaline hydrolysis of deoxycholic acid, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Sodium deoxycholate appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 414.56 g/mol. It is highly soluble in water and ethanol, forming micelles at critical concentrations. The compound decomposes at around 300°C without a distinct boiling point. Its amphiphilic nature enables it to disrupt lipid membranes and solubilize hydrophobic compounds. The sodium salt form enhances water solubility compared to free deoxycholic acid, making it preferable for laboratory and industrial applications.
Main Applications
In biochemistry, sodium deoxycholate is a key reagent for cell lysis and protein extraction, particularly for membrane-bound proteins. It is also used in electrophoresis buffers to maintain protein solubility. Pharmaceutical formulations employ it as an excipient to enhance drug absorption. The compound finds niche uses in cosmetics (emulsifier) and food processing (fat emulsification). Recent research explores its potential in drug delivery systems and nanotechnology due to its self-assembling properties.
Safety and Storage
While moderately safe, sodium deoxycholate can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Always use gloves and goggles when handling. Store in airtight containers at room temperature, protected from humidity and light to prevent degradation. In case of spills, absorb with inert material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Avoid mixing with strong oxidizers, as it may react violently. Follow local regulations for disposal.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing sodium deoxycholate, prioritize suppliers with ISO certification and batch-specific COAs (Certificates of Analysis). Key specifications include purity (≥98%), low endotoxin levels (<10 EU/mg), and absence of heavy metals. Bulk buyers should negotiate contracts with tier-1 manufacturers for better pricing. Consider logistical factors like shelf life (typically 2–3 years) and shipping conditions (ambient temperature). For research-grade quantities, specialized chemical distributors offer smaller packaging.
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