Single Burning Item Test
Overview
The Single Burning Item Test (SBI) is a critical fire safety evaluation method developed under the European Construction Products Regulation (CPR). It assesses how construction materials contribute to fire growth by simulating a small, localized fire scenario. The test is mandated for CE marking of building products in the EU and is recognized globally for its rigorous assessment of heat release, smoke opacity, and droplet formation. The SBI test originated as part of the Euroclass system (EN 13501-1), replacing older national standards to harmonize fire performance classifications across Europe. Its results determine a material's Euroclass rating (e.g., A2-s1,d0 to F), which directly impacts where and how products can be used in buildings.
Key Features
The SBI test's primary measurements include the FIGRA (Fire Growth Rate) index, calculated from heat release rate data, which classifies materials based on their propensity to accelerate fire spread. Smoke production is quantified via the SMOGRA (Smoke Growth Rate) index, while flaming droplets/particles are counted during the 20-minute test duration. A distinctive feature is the test's corner configuration, where two vertical sample wings (1.5m × 1.0m) meet at a 90° angle, exposed to a 30kW propane burner. This geometry replicates real-world fire propagation scenarios more accurately than traditional linear burner tests. Data is collected using oxygen consumption calorimetry and laser photometry for smoke density.
Application Areas
The SBI test applies to nearly all construction products except floorings (tested separately via the radiant panel method). Common tested items include insulation materials (PIR, EPS, mineral wool), wall claddings, ceiling tiles, and composite panels. Results determine permissible applications under building codes—for example, Class B materials may be restricted in high-rise facades. Beyond regulatory compliance, manufacturers use SBI data for product development, comparing formulations to achieve higher fire classifications. Architects and specifiers rely on Euroclass ratings when selecting materials for projects with stringent fire safety requirements, such as hospitals or transportation hubs.
Precautions
SBI testing requires strict environmental controls: test rooms must maintain 23±2°C temperature and 50±5% relative humidity. Samples must be conditioned for at least 21 days at these parameters before testing to ensure consistency. Edge-sealing methods for specimens can significantly impact results and must follow EN 13823 Annex B precisely. Laboratories must calibrate instruments quarterly, including the propane flowmeter (accuracy ±2%) and oxygen analyzer. False positives may occur if sample mounting doesn't account for real-world installation conditions—for instance, leaving air gaps behind cladding samples may artificially improve performance.
B2B Procurement Guide
When commissioning SBI tests, verify the laboratory's accreditation scope covers your product type through the European Accreditation (EA) or equivalent national body. Some materials require multiple tests (e.g., different thicknesses or substrate combinations), significantly affecting costs. Budget €4,000–€6,000 for a standard test, with express services (2-week turnaround) costing 30–50% more. For recurring testing needs, negotiate framework agreements with labs to lock in pricing. Consider pre-testing with smaller-scale methods like the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660) to screen formulations before full SBI assessment. Always request raw data files alongside the test report for future technical documentation.
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