Overview
α-Santalol is a sesquiterpene alcohol and a key component of sandalwood oil, constituting up to 50% of its composition. It is prized for its rich, woody fragrance and therapeutic properties, making it a staple in luxury perfumes and holistic wellness products. The compound is extracted through steam distillation of sandalwood heartwood, primarily from Santalum album trees. As a natural product, α-Santalol's quality varies by geographical origin and extraction methods. Indian and Australian sandalwood are the most valued sources. Its molecular structure features a bicyclic skeleton with a hydroxyl group, contributing to both its aromatic profile and bioactivity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
α-Santalol is a viscous liquid with a characteristic warm, woody odor and slight balsamic undertones. Its low volatility makes it an excellent fixative in perfumery, prolonging the scent of fragrance compositions. The compound is optically active, typically levorotatory, with a specific rotation of -11° to -15°. Chemically, it exhibits stability under normal conditions but may oxidize over time when exposed to air. Its solubility in organic solvents like ethanol and fixed oils facilitates formulation in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The hydroxyl group enables esterification reactions, allowing derivative synthesis for specialized applications.
Main Applications
In perfumery, α-Santalol serves as a base note in oriental and woody fragrance families, featured in high-end perfumes and incense. Its fixative properties enhance scent longevity while imparting a creamy, milky wood nuance. Aromatherapy utilizes its calming effects, often in diffuser blends for stress relief and meditation support. The pharmaceutical industry values α-Santalol for its demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Research explores its potential in skincare (acne treatments) and oncology (chemopreventive effects). Emerging applications include functional fragrances for neuroprotective benefits and as a natural preservative in cosmetics.
Safety and Storage
While generally recognized as safe, α-Santalol may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals at high concentrations. Proper dilution (typically 1-5% in carrier oils) is recommended for topical applications. Inhalation of vapors should be moderate to avoid respiratory tract irritation. Storage requires amber glass or aluminum containers to prevent photodegradation. Optimal conditions include temperatures below 25°C and nitrogen gas blanketing for bulk quantities. Shelf life extends to 2-3 years when properly stored, though periodic purity testing is advised for critical formulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Commercial buyers should prioritize suppliers with transparent sourcing practices, given sandalwood's CITES Appendix II status. Key specifications include GC purity (≥90% for standard grade, ≥98% for premium), optical rotation values, and absence of synthetic adulterants like synthetic santalol or benzyl benzoate. Bulk pricing tiers typically start at 1kg quantities, with significant discounts at 25kg+ purchases. Sustainable options may command 15-30% premiums. Lead times vary by origin: Indian-sourced material often requires longer procurement cycles due to export regulations. Always request Certificate of Analysis (CoA) and GC-MS reports.
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