Overview
Erucamide is a long-chain fatty acid amide derived from erucic acid, a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in rapeseed and mustard oil. It is widely utilized in the plastics industry due to its ability to reduce surface friction and prevent film blocking. Its molecular structure, featuring a cis double bond at the 13th carbon, contributes to its effectiveness as a slip agent. The compound is synthesized through the amidation of erucic acid with ammonia or amines, resulting in a waxy solid with consistent performance across various polymer matrices. In industrial settings, erucamide is valued for its compatibility with polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene) and its minimal impact on transparency. Its use extends beyond plastics to niche applications in adhesives, inks, and coatings, where surface modification is required. The demand for recycled erucamide (回收芥酸酰胺) has grown as industries prioritize sustainability, though reprocessed grades may require additional purification to meet performance standards.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Erucamide exhibits a melting point range of 79-82°C, making it suitable for processing in most thermoplastics without decomposition. Its low volatility ensures longevity in high-temperature applications, such as blown film extrusion. The compound is hydrophobic, with negligible solubility in water but good solubility in non-polar solvents like toluene and hexane. This property facilitates its incorporation into polymer melts during manufacturing. Key chemical characteristics include resistance to oxidation and hydrolysis under normal storage conditions, though prolonged exposure to UV light may degrade performance. The amide functional group provides mild polarity, enabling limited interaction with polar polymers while maintaining primary lubricity effects. Analytical methods like gas chromatography (GC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) are commonly employed to verify purity and identity in quality control processes.
Main Applications
The primary use of erucamide is as a slip additive in polyolefin films, where it migrates to the surface to reduce coefficient of friction (COF) by 50-70%. This is critical for preventing adhesion between layers in stacked bags or rolls. In LLDPE and LDPE films, concentrations of 500-2000 ppm are typical, with higher loads used for heavy-duty packaging. Anti-blocking functionality is often combined with silica to enhance performance. Secondary applications include mold release agents in injection molding, where it prevents sticking to cavities, and as a flow aid in masterbatches. Specialty uses encompass anti-fogging in agricultural films and surface smoothing in synthetic leather. Recycled erucamide finds application in non-food-contact products like trash bags or industrial liners, where regulatory constraints are less stringent. Its non-toxic profile allows limited use in food packaging (compliant with FDA 21 CFR 178.3860).
Safety and Storage
Erucamide is classified as non-hazardous under GHS criteria, with no significant acute toxicity (oral LD50 >2000 mg/kg in rats). However, dust generation during handling may irritate respiratory pathways, necessitating local exhaust ventilation or NIOSH-approved dust masks. Skin contact, while not corrosive, may cause mild dryness; nitrile gloves are recommended. Storage should prioritize temperature stability (below 30°C) to prevent agglomeration of flakes. Original packaging—typically 25 kg polyethylene-lined bags or drums—should remain sealed until use to minimize moisture absorption. Shelf life exceeds two years when stored properly. In case of spills, inert absorbents like vermiculite can be used, followed by disposal as non-hazardous waste in compliance with local regulations. Recycling facilities should assess residual solvents in reprocessed material.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers who provide batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA) detailing purity, melting point, and acid value. For recycled erucamide, additional testing for heavy metals and residual catalysts may be warranted. Pricing is typically volume-dependent, with truckload quantities (20+ metric tons) attracting 10-15% discounts over spot purchases. Technical specifications should align with application needs: film producers may require 99% purity with peroxide value <5 meq/kg, while lower-cost 95% grades suffice for bulk plastic products. Just-in-time delivery is feasible given the material's stability, but lead times may extend for custom particle size adjustments. Auditing supplier ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) policies is increasingly important, particularly for reprocessed material traceability. Preferred payment terms include LC at sight for international transactions.
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