Overview
Rat glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide hormone structurally similar to human glucagon but with species-specific variations. It plays a critical role in maintaining glucose homeostasis by stimulating hepatic glucose production during fasting states. The rat variant is particularly valuable for preclinical studies due to physiological relevance in rodent models. In biomedical research, rat glucagon is extensively used to study metabolic disorders, pancreatic function, and liver metabolism. Its commercial availability in purified forms enables standardized experiments across laboratories, making it essential for diabetes and obesity research.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The compound exhibits typical peptide characteristics with amphipathic properties due to its amino acid sequence. It remains stable in acidic solutions but degrades in alkaline conditions. Lyophilized formulations maintain stability for years when stored properly, while reconstituted solutions should be used within days. Spectroscopic analysis shows maximum absorbance at 280 nm, useful for concentration determination. The peptide chain includes multiple reactive groups (e.g., lysine ε-amines) that may require protection during experimental procedures to prevent unwanted modifications.
Main Applications
Primary applications include induction of hyperglycemia in animal models to study diabetes pathophysiology. Researchers use it to investigate counter-regulatory hormone mechanisms and test antidiabetic drugs. In vitro, it serves as a critical component in hepatocyte culture systems studying glucose metabolism. The pharmaceutical industry employs rat glucagon in quality control for glucagon receptor antagonist development. Diagnostic manufacturers incorporate it in ELISA kits for glucagon detection, requiring high specificity batches to minimize cross-reactivity with similar peptides.
Safety and Storage
As a bioactive peptide, proper handling requires gloves and eye protection to prevent mucous membrane exposure. Spills should be neutralized with dilute acid before cleanup. Long-term storage necessitates airtight containers with desiccants to prevent moisture absorption. Transportation typically requires cold chain maintenance (-20°C) with temperature monitoring. Research institutions should implement usage logs to track inventory and prevent expired material use, which may yield inconsistent experimental results due to degradation.
B2B Procurement Guide
Reputable suppliers provide certificates of analysis detailing HPLC purity, mass spectrometry verification, and biological activity (often measured by cAMP stimulation assays). Bulk purchasers should request batch-specific data and consider supplier GMP compliance for clinical research applications. Lead times for custom synthesis can exceed 6 weeks, so project planning should account for procurement delays. Many vendors offer discounted pricing for multi-milligram quantities, with purity tiers (research grade vs. clinical grade) significantly affecting costs.
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