Overview
Core Binding Factor Alpha (CBFA), also known as Runx2 or AML3, is a master transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development. It belongs to the Runx family of proteins and is characterized by its Runt homology domain, which mediates DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. CBFA is widely studied in bone biology due to its regulatory role in genes like osteocalcin and collagen type I. Mutations in the RUNX2 gene are linked to cleidocranial dysplasia, a hereditary bone disorder. Research-grade CBFA is commonly produced via recombinant technology for laboratory use.
Physical and Chemical Properties
CBFA is a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 55-60 kDa, varying by isoform and post-translational modifications. It is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder or stabilized liquid solution in research settings. The protein’s solubility depends on buffer conditions, with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) being commonly used. Its stability is pH- and temperature-sensitive, requiring storage at -20°C or below. Analytical methods like SDS-PAGE and Western blotting are used to verify purity and identity. CBFA’s functional activity is often confirmed through DNA-binding assays (e.g., EMSA) or reporter gene experiments.
Main Applications
CBFA is pivotal in bone-related research, particularly in studies of osteogenesis, skeletal regeneration, and genetic bone disorders. It serves as a biomarker for osteoblast differentiation in stem cell cultures and is used to model diseases like cleidocranial dysplasia. In drug development, CBFA pathways are targeted for osteoporosis therapies. Additionally, recombinant CBFA proteins are tools for in vitro assays to screen compounds affecting bone formation. Its role extends to dental and cartilage research, given its expression in mesenchymal stem cells.
Safety and Storage
Research-grade CBFA is generally non-hazardous but should be handled with standard lab precautions, including gloves and protective eyewear. Recombinant forms may require biosafety level 1 or 2 containment, depending on the expression system. Lyophilized CBFA should be stored at -20°C and reconstituted in sterile buffers. Liquid formulations must avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to prevent degradation. Always centrifuge vials before opening and aliquot for long-term storage at -80°C to maintain activity.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring CBFA, specify the species (rat, human, etc.), purity level (>90% recommended), and functional validation (e.g., DNA-binding activity). Vendors often provide certificates of analysis (CoA) with details on endotoxin levels and biological activity. Bulk orders may offer cost savings for large-scale studies. Compare lead times, as custom recombinant production can take weeks. Consider partnering with suppliers specializing in transcription factors to ensure consistency. For cell culture applications, opt for carrier-free formulations to avoid interference.
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