Overview
R-(+)-2-Chloropropionic acid is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of 2-chloropropionic acid, characterized by its chiral center at the α-carbon position. As a specialty chemical, it serves as a key intermediate in asymmetric synthesis due to its ability to introduce chirality into target molecules. The compound finds particular importance in the pharmaceutical industry where enantiomeric purity is critical for drug efficacy and safety. Its production typically involves resolution of racemic mixtures or asymmetric synthesis routes to achieve high optical purity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
This chlorinated carboxylic acid exhibits typical properties of both alkyl halides and carboxylic acids. The presence of both chlorine and carboxyl groups makes it reactive toward nucleophiles and bases. The R-configuration gives it distinct optical activity with a specific rotation of approximately +14° (c=1, water). In terms of stability, R-(+)-2-chloropropionic acid is moisture-sensitive and may decompose when exposed to strong bases or oxidizing agents. Its acidity (pKa ~2.8) is slightly stronger than non-chlorinated propionic acid due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the chlorine substituent.
Main Applications
The primary use of R-(+)-2-chloropropionic acid is as a chiral building block in pharmaceutical synthesis, particularly for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other active pharmaceutical ingredients requiring specific stereochemistry. In agrochemicals, it serves as an intermediate for herbicides such as aryloxyphenoxypropionates. The compound also finds use in specialty chemical synthesis where its chlorine atom can be displaced in nucleophilic substitution reactions while maintaining the chiral integrity of the molecule.
Safety and Storage
As a corrosive substance, R-(+)-2-chloropropionic acid requires careful handling with appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and fume hoods. Skin contact can cause severe burns and eye damage. Storage should be in tightly sealed containers made of corrosion-resistant materials (HDPE or glass) under cool, dry conditions. The compound should be kept separate from bases and oxidizing agents. Shelf life is typically 12-24 months when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring R-(+)-2-chloropropionic acid industrially, buyers should prioritize suppliers who can provide detailed certificates of analysis including chiral purity (typically ≥98% enantiomeric excess). Batch-to-batch consistency in optical purity is crucial for pharmaceutical applications. Consider minimum order quantities (typically 25kg drums) and lead times, as this is a specialty chemical not always kept in stock. Technical support for handling and regulatory documentation (REACH, TSCA compliance) should be available from reputable suppliers. For large-volume purchases (>100kg), negotiate contracts with purity guarantees and quality control provisions.
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