Overview
Quinine is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, primarily found in South America. Historically, it has been a critical treatment for malaria, though its use has declined with the advent of synthetic alternatives. Quinine is also known for its bitter taste, making it a key ingredient in tonic water. In modern applications, quinine is used both in pharmaceuticals and the food and beverage industry. Its fluorescent properties under UV light make it useful in certain analytical applications. Despite its declining medical use, it remains important in regions with chloroquine-resistant malaria strains.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Quinine is a white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 324.42 g/mol. It has a melting point of 177 °C and is slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and chloroform. The compound exhibits fluorescence under ultraviolet light, a property utilized in analytical chemistry. Its bitter taste is a defining characteristic, often exploited in beverages like tonic water. The density of quinine is approximately 1.22 g/cm³. It is stable under normal storage conditions but should be protected from light and moisture to prevent degradation.
Main Applications
Quinine's primary historical application is as an antimalarial drug, though its use has diminished due to side effects and resistance. It remains a second-line treatment for severe malaria cases, particularly in regions where other drugs are ineffective. Beyond medicine, quinine is widely used in the food and beverage industry, notably in tonic water, where it imparts a distinctive bitter flavor. It also finds niche applications in research, particularly in studies involving fluorescence and alkaloid chemistry.
Safety and Storage
Quinine must be handled with care due to its potential side effects, including cinchonism (a condition characterized by nausea, headache, and tinnitus) at high doses. Proper storage involves keeping the compound in a cool, dry place away from direct light to maintain stability. In industrial settings, personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be used when handling quinine to prevent skin contact or inhalation. Disposal should comply with local regulations to avoid environmental contamination.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring quinine, buyers should prioritize suppliers who provide certificates of analysis (CoA) to verify purity and composition. Pharmaceutical-grade quinine must meet stringent regulatory standards, so compliance documentation is essential. Prices vary based on purity and quantity, typically ranging from $100 to $300 per kilogram. Bulk purchases may attract discounts, but buyers should ensure proper storage conditions are maintained during transit to prevent degradation. Sourcing from reputable suppliers with transparent supply chains is recommended.