Overview
Pyrolytic graphite crystal is a synthetic form of graphite produced through the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases such as methane at high temperatures (1000-2500°C). Unlike natural graphite, it exhibits a highly ordered crystalline structure with layers aligned parallel to the deposition surface. This material is prized for its extreme thermal stability, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and unique electrical properties that vary significantly between its in-plane and out-of-plane directions. Industrial production involves chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes, where carbon atoms are deposited onto a substrate in a controlled environment. The resulting material shows superior purity (often >99.9% carbon) compared to mined graphite, making it indispensable for precision applications where material consistency is critical.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Pyrolytic graphite demonstrates remarkable anisotropy due to its layered structure. In-plane thermal conductivity can reach 1700 W/m·K, surpassing copper, while out-of-plane conductivity is only about 10 W/m·K. Similarly, electrical resistivity is approximately 5×10⁻⁶ Ω·m parallel to the layers but 0.5 Ω·m perpendicular to them. These properties arise from strong covalent bonding within graphene layers and weak van der Waals forces between layers. Chemically, it is highly inert to most acids and alkalis except strong oxidizers like hot concentrated nitric acid. The material maintains structural integrity up to 3000°C in inert atmospheres and shows excellent resistance to thermal shock. Its density (2.2-2.26 g/cm³) is slightly lower than single-crystal graphite due to some microscopic porosity from the deposition process.
Main Applications
In aerospace, pyrolytic graphite serves as thermal protection for re-entry vehicles and rocket nozzles due to its ability to withstand extreme temperatures while remaining lightweight. The electronics industry utilizes it as heat spreaders in high-power devices, particularly where directional heat dissipation is advantageous. Its neutron moderation properties make it valuable in nuclear reactors. Specialized applications include use in X-ray monochromators, where its crystalline perfection allows precise wavelength selection, and in high-vacuum systems as adsorption pumps. Recent developments explore its potential in quantum computing components and as substrates for graphene device fabrication. The material's biocompatibility has also led to experimental use in medical implants.
Safety and Storage
While pyrolytic graphite is generally non-toxic, proper handling procedures should be followed to minimize exposure to fine particulates. Dust generation should be controlled through local exhaust ventilation during machining operations, and personal protective equipment including NIOSH-approved dust masks should be used when handling powdered forms. Storage requires protection from oxidation at elevated temperatures. Bulk material should be kept in sealed containers under inert gas (argon or nitrogen) when long-term preservation is needed. For most industrial applications, storage in dry air at room temperature is sufficient. The material is non-flammable but may support combustion in pure oxygen environments above 600°C.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify key parameters including: crystalline orientation (a-axis vs. c-axis properties), purity level (standard 99.9% or high-purity 99.99%), dimensions, and thermal/electrical property requirements. Typical forms include plates (0.1-10mm thickness), rods, and custom-deposited coatings. Lead times for custom orders can range from 4-12 weeks depending on complexity. For prototyping or small batches, consider suppliers specializing in research-grade materials. Large-volume purchasers should negotiate contracts with manufacturers operating industrial-scale CVD systems. Quality verification should include X-ray diffraction analysis for crystalline perfection and residual stress measurements for critical applications.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：润滑剂、煅烧高岭土、耐火泥造纸、石墨粉、超细石墨粉、阻燃石墨、超细石墨、高纯石墨、润滑石墨铅粉、导电石墨粉、耐高温石墨粉、合成氟金云母粉、高岭土、种子包衣粉、麦饭石粉、白色电气石粉、远红外粉、云母片、天然云母片、耐高温云母片、透明云母片、云母板、沸石、沸石粉、麦饭石颗粒
- 主营：化学气相沉积炉、真空钎焊炉、真空扩散焊炉、真空石墨化炉、石墨加工、热等静压炉、真空烧结炉、真空热压炉、废锂电池处理成套设备、压力烧结炉、钢带炉、网带炉、脱脂炉
- 主营：分散剂、硅溶胶、分散染料、可膨胀石墨、表面活性剂、油墨稀释剂
- 主营：白云石粉、玻璃砂、玻璃微珠、土状石墨/鳞片石墨、石墨、硅灰、硅线石、硅藻土、海泡石纤维、滑石粉、钾钠长石粉、矿渣粉、蓝晶石、铝矾土、麦饭石粉、硼砂、膨润土、羟基磷灰石、石英粉、石英砂、氧化铝、萤石粉、氧化钙、叶蜡石粉、铁粉
- 主营：气相二氧化硅、消光粉、丙烯酸树脂、蜡粉、炭黑、固化剂
- 主营：防腐漆、地坪漆、真石漆、石墨烯涂料、氟碳漆、防锈漆、环氧漆、地面漆、绝缘涂料、氟碳面漆、环氧底漆、防火涂料、外墙涂料、防锈底漆、底漆面漆、无机涂料、防腐涂料、玻璃烤漆、氟碳涂料、聚脲涂料、环氧自流平、聚氨酯面漆、沥青改色漆、高性能涂料、聚氨酯清漆、外墙仿石漆
- 主营：法兰垫、包垫片、乙烯垫片、金属石墨缠绕垫片、金属缠绕石墨垫、石墨金属缠绕垫、石墨纤维盘根、石墨纤维绳、四氟垫片、陶瓷纤维垫片、基本型金属缠绕垫、内外环金属缠绕垫、法兰金属缠绕垫、金属缠绕复合垫、金属缠绕柔性垫、硅酸铝陶瓷纤维垫、硅酸铝隔热垫片、硅酸铝垫片、硅酸铝纤维垫、气凝胶毡、陶瓷纤维异形垫片、四氟弹性带、不锈钢波齿复合垫片、芳纶盘根、高温密封垫
- 主营：滑石粉、重钙粉、石英砂、球形石墨粉、雪花白砂
- 主营：棕刚玉 白刚玉、氧化铁颜料、云母、石墨粉、复合岩片、金刚砂耐磨地坪材料、鹅卵石雨花石、金刚砂、夜光石、免洗树脂水洗石开通即、棕刚玉砂 微粉、硫化铁、煅烧彩砂、石英砂、硅微粉 石英粉、碳酸钙、玻璃微珠、海泡石纤维、玻璃微粉、树脂砂 悬浮砂、反射隔热粉、碳粉、负氧离子液
- 主营：国标改质沥青、改制煤沥青、改质沥青、国标中温沥青、中温煤沥青、中温沥青出口、改质沥青出口、煤沥青、煤沥青厂家、煤沥青出口、预焙阳极用沥青、无水焦油、沥青粉、高温煤沥青、球沥青、沥青片、改质沥青厂家、高温沥青块、中温沥青块、液体沥青
- 主营：氢氧化钙、高纯石英砂、石英粉、石墨粉、硅微粉、硅酸钾、玻璃纤维布、水玻璃、辉绿岩铸石粉、环氧树脂、环氧树脂固化剂、活性炭、消石灰、耐高温耐磨材料、钾水玻璃、耐高温涂料、玻纤布、泡花碱、辉绿岩粉、耐酸水泥、玻璃丝布、水处理石英砂、水过滤石英砂、铸造用石英砂、防腐石英砂
- 主营：鱼缸砂、夜光石、路面石、铸造石墨粉厂家、火山石、鹅卵石、雨花石、洗米石、水洗石、机制石子、水磨石子、胶粘石、石英砂、烘干砂、保温砂、砂浆砂、金刚砂、白沙子、蛭石、荧光粉、天然彩砂、染色彩砂、金刚砂地坪料、透水石子、水刷石石子
- 主营：轻质碳酸钙、4A沸石粉、膨润土、石墨、重晶石粉、配重铁粉 铁砂、氢氧化钙、红陶土 黄陶土、木粉、麦饭石粉、沸石粉、煅烧高岭土、水洗高岭土、滑石粉、负离子粉、硅藻土、白云石粉、玻璃鳞片、高铝耐火粉、蓝晶石粉
- 主营：硅藻土
- 主营：麦饭石粉、滑石粉、沸石粉、石墨、氧化钙、膨润土、白云石粉、橡胶粉、石英粉、硅微粉、碳酸钙、硅藻土、抗菌粉、氢氧化钙、消石灰、陶土、活性白土、金刚砂、木粉、磁粉、海泡石粉、二氧化硅、高岭土、负离子粉