Overview
Tungsten blocks are industrial-grade products made from pressed and sintered pure tungsten powder, achieving near-theoretical density. With the highest melting point of all metals and exceptional density (1.7x that of lead), they serve critical roles in extreme environments. Historically used in incandescent lamp filaments, modern applications leverage tungsten's unique combination of thermal stability, radiation absorption, and mechanical strength. China dominates global production, accounting for over 80% of tungsten supply, with blocks typically manufactured via powder metallurgy techniques.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Tungsten blocks exhibit remarkable thermal properties, maintaining structural integrity up to 2,500°C in inert atmospheres. Their thermal expansion coefficient (4.5×10⁻6/K at 20°C) is among the lowest for metals, ensuring dimensional stability. Chemically, tungsten resists corrosion from most acids, though it oxidizes in air above 400°C. The metal's electrical conductivity (30% of copper) and electron emission characteristics make it valuable for electrical applications. Hardness ranges between 200-400 HV depending on processing, comparable to hardened tool steel.
Main Applications
In radiation shielding, tungsten blocks replace lead where space constraints exist, providing equivalent protection at 1/3 the thickness. Aerospace industries use them as counterweights and turbine components. The semiconductor industry employs ultra-pure tungsten (99.999%) as sputtering targets for chip manufacturing. Other uses include crucibles for sapphire crystal growth, military penetrators, and collimators in medical imaging devices. Emerging applications include nuclear fusion reactor components and space radiation shielding.
Safety and Storage
While solid blocks pose minimal risk, machining generates inhalable dust classified as a workplace hazardous substance. Facilities must implement local exhaust ventilation and provide P2/N95 respirators. Store blocks in dry conditions to prevent surface oxidation. Larger blocks (>10kg) require proper handling equipment due to weight. Fire hazards are negligible, but tungsten powder (unlike solid blocks) can be pyrophoric in fine grades. Waste disposal follows heavy metal regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify: 1) Purity grade (standard 99.95% vs. high-purity 99.99%+), 2) Dimensional tolerances (±0.5mm typical), 3) Surface finish (as-machined or ground), and 4) Certifications (RoHS/REACH compliance). Bulk orders (100kg+) often qualify for 5-15% discounts. Lead times range from 2-8 weeks for custom sizes. Consider logistics costs—a 100mm cube weighs approximately 15kg. Quality verification should include density testing (≥19.0 g/cm³) and ultrasonic inspection for internal defects.
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