Overview
Prunasin, also known as 谱析野黑樱苷 in Chinese, is a naturally occurring cyanogenic glycoside found in plants such as wild black cherry (Prunus serotina) and other members of the Rosaceae family. It plays a critical role in plant defense mechanisms by releasing hydrogen cyanide upon enzymatic hydrolysis, deterring herbivores. Prunasin has garnered interest in pharmaceutical research due to its potential bioactive properties, including possible applications in cancer studies. This compound is typically extracted from plant material and purified for laboratory use. Its bitter taste and cyanogenic nature make it a subject of both agricultural and medical research. Understanding its properties and applications is essential for industries ranging from agrochemicals to pharmaceuticals.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Prunasin is a white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 295.29 g/mol and a molecular formula of C14H17NO6. It is soluble in water and ethanol, making it versatile for various laboratory applications. The compound has a melting point of approximately 160-162°C, though its boiling point is not well-documented due to decomposition risks at higher temperatures. As a cyanogenic glycoside, prunasin hydrolyzes to release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) when exposed to specific enzymes, such as beta-glucosidase. This property is central to its role in plant defense. The compound's stability under normal storage conditions (cool, dry, and away from light) makes it relatively easy to handle, though safety precautions are necessary due to its toxicity.
Main Applications
Prunasin's primary role in nature is as a plant defense compound, deterring herbivores through the release of toxic hydrogen cyanide. In agriculture, understanding its presence in crops like cherries and almonds is crucial for managing toxicity risks. Beyond its natural function, prunasin is studied in pharmaceutical research for its potential bioactive properties. Recent studies have explored its role in cancer research, particularly in relation to apoptosis (programmed cell death). While still in early stages, these investigations highlight prunasin's potential as a lead compound for drug development. Additionally, its use in biochemical studies helps researchers understand cyanogenic glycoside metabolism in plants and its implications for food safety.
Safety and Storage
Prunasin is toxic if ingested in large quantities due to its cyanogenic properties. Proper handling is essential, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and lab coats. In case of accidental ingestion or exposure, immediate medical attention is required. Storage conditions for prunasin should prioritize stability: a cool, dry place away from direct light is recommended. Containers must be tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and degradation. For laboratories, small quantities are typically stored in airtight vials with desiccants to maintain purity. Bulk procurement requires compliance with local regulations for hazardous chemicals, including proper labeling and safety data sheets (SDS).
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing prunasin for industrial or research purposes, buyers should prioritize suppliers with verified purity levels (typically 95% or higher) and accurate CAS number (99-19-4) documentation. Reputable suppliers often provide certificates of analysis (CoA) to confirm product specifications. Price ranges vary based on purity and quantity, with reference prices commonly between $50 and $200 per gram. Bulk purchases may offer cost savings, but buyers should ensure proper storage capabilities to maintain compound integrity. Procurement teams should also evaluate supplier compliance with international safety standards, such as ISO or GMP certifications, to guarantee product quality and handling protocols.
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