Overview
Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional glycoprotein encoded by the GRN gene, widely expressed in epithelial cells, immune cells, and neurons. It plays critical roles in tissue repair, inflammation modulation, and neuronal survival. Structurally, it contains 7.5 tandem repeats of a cysteine-rich granulin motif, which can be cleaved by proteases like elastase to release smaller granulins with distinct biological activities. First identified as a growth factor for epithelial cells, progranulin has since been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly frontotemporal dementia (FTD), where GRN mutations cause haploinsufficiency. Its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties make it a focus of therapeutic research for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Progranulin is a secreted protein with a molecular weight of approximately 63-68 kDa in its glycosylated form. The protein's structure includes multiple granulin domains connected by linker regions, stabilized by disulfide bonds formed by conserved cysteine residues. It exhibits pH-dependent stability, remaining soluble and active in physiological pH ranges (6.0-8.0). In recombinant production, progranulin typically appears as a lyophilized powder that can be reconstituted in phosphate-buffered saline or culture media. Analytical techniques like SDS-PAGE often show minor bands at ~88 kDa (dimer) due to non-reducing conditions. Its isoelectric point (pI) is approximately 6.5, and it demonstrates heat sensitivity, with activity declining above 60°C.
Main Applications
In biomedical research, progranulin is primarily studied for its dual roles in neurodegeneration and cancer. For neurodegenerative diseases, it serves as both a biomarker (reduced CSF levels in FTD patients) and a potential therapeutic target. Animal models with GRN knockout are used to study lysosomal dysfunction and microglial activation pathways. In oncology, progranulin's overexpression in cancers like glioblastoma and breast cancer correlates with tumor progression and drug resistance. Researchers utilize recombinant progranulin to investigate its interactions with receptors like sortilin and TNFR. Additionally, its wound-healing properties have applications in dermatology research, particularly for chronic ulcers and skin regeneration studies.
Safety and Storage
Recombinant progranulin for research purposes is generally classified as a low-risk biological material. Standard biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) practices are sufficient for handling. However, researchers working with patient-derived samples (e.g., CSF or tissue extracts) should follow appropriate containment procedures due to potential infectious agents. For storage, lyophilized progranulin remains stable for 12-24 months at -20°C or below. Reconstituted solutions should be aliquoted to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, with short-term storage at 4°C (up to 1 week) or long-term at -80°C (up to 3 months). Always centrifuge vials before opening to prevent protein loss, and verify activity via functional assays if stored for extended periods.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing progranulin for research or diagnostic applications, prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 or GMP certification for clinical-grade material. Key specifications include ≥95% purity (SDS-PAGE), endotoxin levels <0.1 EU/µg for in vivo studies, and certificate of analysis with mass spectrometry verification. For antibody development, consider species-specific isoforms (human PGRN differs from mouse by 15% sequence). Bulk purchasers should negotiate batch-to-blot consistency guarantees, especially for long-term studies. Emerging suppliers now offer progranulin ELISA kits validated against WHO standards, crucial for clinical research. Lead times for custom recombinant variants (e.g., tagged or mutant forms) typically range 8-12 weeks, with MOQs starting at 1 mg for most manufacturers.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：工业骨胶、工业明胶、牛胶、工业蛋白、蛋白粉、骨胶粉、明胶、皮胶、骨胶、牛胶粉、工业胶、水胶、牛骨胶、小颗粒胶、动物胶
- 主营：胶黏剂、牛皮胶、工业明胶、工业骨胶、胶凝剂颗粒、增稠剂颗粒、木工粘合剂、礼盒粘合胶、木材粘合用胶、冶炼电解牛骨胶、粘性稳定牛骨胶、增稠砂轮用骨胶、墨汁用的牛骨胶、砂轮板材粘合剂、明胶木板胶粘剂
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、科研试剂
- 主营：试剂盒、elisa试剂盒、细胞、pcr试剂盒
- 主营：酶cγ链、α2巨球、素d合成、纤连蛋白、抗组蛋白、蛋白样环、敏感蛋白、蛋白重链、乳球蛋白、蛋白激酶、钙调蛋白、肌醇抗体、牛骨钙素、金属肽酶、钩端螺旋、高血糖素、小鼠α1抗、ELISA试剂盒、pcr检测试剂、生化检测试剂
- 主营：前梯度蛋白2、elisa试剂盒
- 主营：基质胶、试剂盒、细胞株、重组蛋白、脑类器官、成体干细胞、细胞培养基
- 主营：人前梯度蛋白2、试剂盒、信号调节激酶、人转谷氨酰胺酶
- 主营：人前梯度蛋白2、elisa 试剂盒
- 主营：试剂盒、辅激活因子、elisa试剂盒、蛋白、多肽、金标试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、抗生素、氨基酸、血清、抗体
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、高灵敏度试剂盒、试剂盒厂家、特种蛋白检测ELISA试剂盒、人ELISA试剂盒、小鼠ELISA试剂盒、大鼠ELISA试剂盒、仓鼠ELISA试剂盒、豚鼠ELISA试剂盒、鸡ELISA试剂盒、鸭ELISA试剂盒、牛ELISA试剂盒、羊ELISA试剂盒、马ELISA试剂盒、猴ELISA试剂盒、猪ELISA试剂盒、犬ELISA试剂盒、兔ELISA试剂盒、鱼ELISA试剂盒、植物ELISA试剂盒、土壤ELISA试剂盒、定性ELISA试剂盒、肿瘤标志物检测ELISA试剂盒、传染病检测ELISA试剂盒
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、生化检测试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、大鼠ELISA试剂盒、小鼠ELISA试剂盒、兔ELISA试剂盒、鸡ELISA试剂盒
- 主营：检测方、钠尿肽、试剂盒、结合蛋白、微球蛋白、抗胰蛋白酶、蛋白磷酸酶、核心域蛋白1、激活蛋白激酶、大鼠klotho蛋白、同源物、ep300检测、大鼠c-肽(、淋巴瘤因子、死亡激动剂、大鼠e选择素、大鼠janus激酶、大鼠ⅱ型胶原、大鼠ⅳ型胶原、细胞激活因子、大鼠ⅲ型胶原、大鼠nadh脱氢酶1、大鼠ⅵ型胶原α1、elisa 检测试剂盒
- 主营：蛋白试剂盒、Elisa试剂盒、生化试剂盒、细胞试剂盒
- 主营：前梯度蛋白2、elisa试剂盒
- 主营：elisa试剂盒、检测试剂盒、PCR试剂盒
- 主营：人前梯度蛋白2、检测试剂盒、elisa试剂盒