Probe Antibody
Overview
Probe antibodies are antibodies conjugated to detectable markers (e.g., enzymes, fluorophores, or biotin) for identifying specific antigens in research and diagnostics. They play a pivotal role in techniques like ELISA and immunofluorescence, enabling precise target detection. These antibodies are typically derived from monoclonal or polyclonal sources and are selected based on high affinity and low cross-reactivity. Their labeled design eliminates the need for secondary antibodies in some protocols, streamlining workflows.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Probe antibodies are protein-based molecules with molecular weights varying by antibody type (IgG ~150 kDa, IgM ~900 kDa). They are supplied in buffer solutions (e.g., PBS with stabilizers) to maintain stability. Conjugates like HRP (horseradish peroxidase) or FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) alter their properties. For example, HRP-conjugated antibodies require substrates for colorimetric detection, while fluorescent probes need specific excitation wavelengths. Light-sensitive conjugates degrade if improperly stored.
Main Applications
In ELISA, probe antibodies bind to target antigens and produce measurable signals (e.g., color change). Western blotting uses them to visualize protein bands on membranes. Flow cytometry employs fluorescent probes for cell population analysis, while immunohistochemistry localizes targets in tissue sections. Their versatility also extends to lateral flow assays and diagnostic kits for pathogens or biomarkers.
Safety and Storage
Store probe antibodies at 2-8°C for frequent use or -20°C for long-term preservation. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade conjugates. Sodium azide (a common preservative) is toxic; handle with gloves and proper ventilation. Fluorophore-conjugated antibodies are light-sensitive; use amber vials or opaque storage boxes. Refer to SDS for specific hazards, especially with radioactive labels (e.g., iodine-125).
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing probe antibodies, prioritize suppliers with validated specificity data (e.g., knockout-validated antibodies). Confirm host species (e.g., rabbit, mouse) to avoid cross-reactivity with samples. Compare conjugation options (HRP, AP, Alexa Fluor) based on detection equipment availability. Bulk orders may offer cost savings, but verify batch-to-batch consistency. Some suppliers provide custom conjugation services for rare targets.
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