Overview
Potassium citrate is a potassium salt of citric acid with the chemical formula C6H5K3O7. It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications due to its buffering, chelating, and alkalizing properties. As a food additive (E332), it serves as an acidity regulator and preservative. In medicine, it is used to treat kidney stones by alkalinizing urine. Industrially, it acts as a buffer in electroplating and a sequestrant in cleaning products.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Potassium citrate appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder with a slightly salty taste. It is highly soluble in water (1.8 g/mL at 25°C) and slightly soluble in ethanol. The compound decomposes at around 180°C without boiling. Its alkaline nature (pH ~8.5 for 5% solution) makes it effective for pH adjustment. The hygroscopic property requires careful storage to prevent clumping. The molecular weight is 306.40 g/mol, with a density of 1.98 g/cm³.
Main Applications
In the food industry, potassium citrate is used as a stabilizer in dairy products, a pH regulator in beverages, and a preservative in processed foods. It enhances flavor while reducing sodium content. The pharmaceutical industry utilizes it as a urinary alkalizer to prevent kidney stones and as an electrolyte replenisher. Industrial applications include water treatment, metal cleaning, and as a buffer in chemical processes. Its non-toxic nature makes it preferable to harsher alternatives.
Safety and Storage
Potassium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA when used appropriately. However, excessive consumption may lead to hyperkalemia in sensitive individuals. Always use personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling large quantities. Store in airtight containers in a cool, dry place (15-25°C) with relative humidity below 65%. Keep away from strong acids and oxidizing agents. Shelf life is typically 2-3 years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing potassium citrate, prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 or GMP certification. Request a Certificate of Analysis (COA) specifying purity (typically 99-101% for food/pharma grade). Consider packaging options (25kg bags vs. bulk) based on usage volume. For food/pharmaceutical use, ensure compliance with USP/FCC/EP standards. Lead times vary but commonly range from 2-4 weeks for domestic suppliers. Negotiate MOQs (Minimum Order Quantities) based on projected needs.
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