Overview
Potassium Azelate is the dipotassium salt derivative of azelaic acid, a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid. It has gained prominence in cosmetic chemistry due to its dual functionality as a pH adjuster and active ingredient. Unlike azelaic acid, the potassium salt offers improved water solubility, making it preferable for aqueous formulations. The compound is synthesized through neutralization reactions between azelaic acid and potassium hydroxide. Its molecular structure features two potassium ions bonded to the carboxylate groups of the azelaic acid backbone. This configuration enhances its stability in formulations while maintaining the beneficial properties of the parent acid.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a crystalline solid, Potassium Azelate demonstrates high thermal stability, decomposing only at temperatures exceeding 300°C. Its water solubility (approximately 50 g/100 mL at 25°C) significantly surpasses that of azelaic acid, enabling formulation versatility. The compound acts as a weak acid in solution, with a pH-dependent dissociation profile that makes it effective as a buffering agent. Characterization studies show typical carboxylate salt infrared spectra with strong asymmetric COO− stretching vibrations around 1560 cm−1. The potassium ions contribute to its hygroscopic nature, necessitating controlled humidity during storage. In polar solvents, it forms clear solutions, while remaining virtually insoluble in non-polar organic solvents like hexane or toluene.
Main Applications
In dermatological formulations, Potassium Azelate serves as a multifunctional ingredient in acne treatments (2-5% concentration) and hyperpigmentation correctors (3-10%). Its mechanism involves inhibition of tyrosinase activity and reduction of keratinocyte proliferation. The cosmetic industry values its compatibility with other actives like niacinamide and vitamin C derivatives. Industrial applications leverage its metal-chelating properties, where it functions as an intermediate-temperature corrosion inhibitor for cooling systems (0.1-0.5% solutions). Polymer chemists utilize it as a monomer for producing specialty polyesters with enhanced flexibility. Emerging uses include biodegradable chelating agents in cleaning products and pH-stabilizing additives in agricultural formulations.
Safety and Storage
Classified as non-hazardous under GHS standards, Potassium Azelate requires standard laboratory precautions including gloves and eye protection. Prolonged skin contact may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals, warranting proper handling procedures. Spills should be cleaned with water and do not require special disposal methods beyond local regulations. For long-term storage, maintain the product in original packaging or airtight containers with desiccants. Bulk quantities are typically packaged in 25 kg polyethylene-lined fiber drums. The material demonstrates good shelf stability (2+ years) when stored below 30°C with relative humidity under 65%. Monitor for caking in humid environments, which doesn't affect quality but may impact dispensing accuracy.
B2B Procurement Guide
Commercial quantities of Potassium Azelate are available through specialty chemical distributors with minimum order quantities typically starting at 25 kg. Technical grade (95-98% purity) suffices for industrial applications, while cosmetic/pharmaceutical grades require 99%+ purity with additional documentation including heavy metal certificates and microbial testing reports. Leading manufacturers are concentrated in China, India, and Western Europe, with production capacities ranging from 50-500 metric tons annually. Negotiate testing protocols for key parameters: potassium content (assay 28-29%), water content (<1.5%), and residual solvents. For formulation development, request small samples (100g-1kg) to evaluate compatibility with your base systems before committing to bulk purchases.
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