Overview
Pongamol is a bioactive furanoflavonoid primarily extracted from the seeds of Pongamia pinnata, a plant native to tropical regions. It has garnered attention in both pharmaceutical and agricultural industries due to its multifaceted biological properties. Historically used in traditional medicine, modern research validates its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent and a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides. The compound’s unique furan ring structure contributes to its stability and reactivity, making it a subject of interest in medicinal chemistry. Commercial production typically involves Soxhlet extraction with ethanol or hexane, followed by chromatographic purification to achieve ≥95% purity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Pongamol crystallizes as a pale yellow powder with a melting point range of 156-158°C, indicative of its moderate thermal stability. Its lipophilic nature (logP ~3.2) explains poor water solubility but high solubility in organic solvents like ethanol and DMSO. UV-Vis spectroscopy reveals maximal absorbance at 290 nm, a characteristic used for quantitative analysis. Under oxidative conditions, Pongamol demonstrates radical-scavenging activity comparable to standard antioxidants like quercetin. This property, combined with its low toxicity profile (LD50 >2000 mg/kg in rodents), supports its use in therapeutic formulations. Degradation occurs under prolonged UV exposure, necessitating amber glass storage.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, Pongamol is investigated for modulating NF-κB pathways to treat chronic inflammation. Preclinical studies show efficacy against arthritis and dermatitis at doses of 10-50 mg/kg. Its mechanism involves suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6. Agriculturally, 0.1-0.5% Pongamol solutions act as broad-spectrum biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. The compound disrupts insect molting by inhibiting chitinase enzymes. Formulations often combine it with neem oil for synergistic effects. Research also explores its use as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments.
Safety and Storage
Pongamol is classified as a Category 4 irritant (H319) under GHS standards. Laboratory handling requires nitrile gloves and safety goggles to prevent eye/skin contact. Although non-carcinogenic, prolonged exposure may cause mild hepatotoxicity based on in vitro assays. For long-term stability, store sealed containers under inert gas (argon or nitrogen) at 2-8°C with desiccants. Bulk quantities (>100g) should be divided into smaller aliquots to minimize freeze-thaw degradation. Shelf life extends to 3 years when properly stored, with periodic HPLC checks recommended for critical applications.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers providing: 1) Batch-specific COAs with HPLC purity ≥95%, 2) Residual solvent analysis (e.g., ethanol <5000 ppm), and 3) Microbial limit tests. Pilot-scale orders (100g-1kg) typically cost $30-$80/g, with discounts for multi-kilogram contracts. Due to seasonal variability in Pongamia seed yields, forward contracts are advisable for consistent supply. Opt for GMP-compliant manufacturers if intended for pharmaceutical use. For agrochemical applications, verify organic certification if targeting eco-label markets. Container choices range from amber glass bottles for small quantities to fiber drums with polyethylene liners for bulk shipments.
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