Overview
Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer coagulant that has revolutionized water treatment processes since its commercial introduction in the 1960s. As a more efficient alternative to traditional aluminum sulfate, PAC offers superior performance with lower dosage requirements. This advanced coagulant is produced through a controlled reaction between aluminum sources and hydrochloric acid, resulting in a polymer with varying degrees of hydroxylation. The product's effectiveness stems from its highly charged polymeric aluminum species that neutralize colloidal charges in water more effectively than conventional coagulants.
Physical and Chemical Properties
PAC typically appears as yellow to brown granules or powder, with color intensity indicating iron content. The material is highly soluble in water, forming a slightly acidic solution (pH 3.5-5.0 at 1% concentration). Its polymeric structure gives it unique properties including high positive charge density and large molecular size. Key parameters defining PAC quality include basicity (40-90%), Al2O3 content (28-32%), and insoluble matter (<1.5%). These properties determine its coagulation performance, with higher basicity generally indicating better quality. Unlike monomeric aluminum salts, PAC maintains effectiveness across a broader pH range (5-9), making it more versatile in various water conditions.
Main Applications
The primary application of PAC is in water and wastewater treatment, where it serves as a coagulant for removing suspended solids, organic matter, and phosphates. Municipal water treatment plants value PAC for producing clearer water with lower turbidity compared to traditional coagulants. Industrial applications include treatment of textile wastewater, paper mill effluents, and oilfield produced water. In the food industry, PAC helps clarify process water while meeting strict safety standards. Additionally, it finds use as a sizing agent in paper manufacturing and as a decolorizing agent in various chemical processes.
Safety and Storage
While PAC is generally considered safe when handled properly, precautions should be taken to avoid dust inhalation and contact with eyes or skin. Appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, and dust masks) is recommended during handling. Storage requirements include keeping the product in its original packaging in a dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Bulk storage should be in corrosion-resistant containers, with special attention to preventing moisture absorption which can lead to caking. Shelf life is typically 12-24 months when stored correctly.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring PAC, buyers should specify key parameters including basicity percentage, Al2O3 content, and insoluble matter limits. Industrial-grade PAC (28-30% Al2O3) is suitable for most wastewater applications, while drinking water treatment requires higher purity grades. Consider transportation costs carefully as PAC is typically shipped in 25kg bags or bulk containers. For large-scale users, establishing long-term contracts with manufacturers can secure better pricing and consistent quality. Always request product certification and batch analysis reports, particularly for applications with strict regulatory requirements.
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