Overview
Polygonum multiflorum is a climbing perennial herb native to China, widely cultivated for its medicinal roots. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it's classified as a 'superior herb' with records dating back to the Tang Dynasty. The processed root (He-Shou-Wu) is preferred for its milder properties compared to the raw form. The plant belongs to the Polygonaceae family and thrives in mountainous regions. Modern research focuses on its bioactive compounds, particularly stilbenes like 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), which contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The dried roots exhibit a reddish-brown color with a slightly bitter taste. Key chemical constituents include stilbenes (1.5-5%), anthraquinones (emodin, physcion), and polysaccharides. These compounds are heat-sensitive, requiring careful processing to preserve efficacy. Solubility varies by component: THSG is water-soluble, while anthraquinones require alcohol extraction. The herb's quality is assessed through HPLC testing for marker compounds, with premium grades containing ≥2.5% THSG. Processed forms (steamed with black beans) show reduced anthraquinone content but enhanced safety profile.
Main Applications
In TCM clinics, it's prescribed as a kidney/liver tonic and anti-aging supplement. Commercial applications include hair care products (for premature graying), liver detox formulas, and energy boosters. The global nutraceutical market values its adaptogenic properties. Pharmaceutical research explores its potential in neurodegenerative disease prevention. B2B buyers should note regional preferences: Chinese manufacturers often supply sliced roots, while Western brands prefer standardized extracts (20:1 or 50:1 concentrates) for capsule formulations.
Safety and Storage
Cases of herb-induced liver injury (HILI) have been reported, particularly with raw/unprocessed roots. Proper preparation (9-cycle steaming) reduces toxicity. EU and US regulators recommend labeling with hepatotoxicity warnings. Storage requires protection from moisture (max 12% humidity) and UV light to prevent compound degradation. Bulk shipments should include COA with pesticide residue analysis (e.g., ≤0.1mg/kg for heavy metals). Shelf life is typically 2-3 years in vacuum-sealed packaging.
B2B Procurement Guide
Top production regions are Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces. Buyers should prioritize GACP-certified suppliers with batch traceability. Key negotiation points include THSG standardization (2.5-5% for extracts) and solvent residues (meeting USP/EP standards). Sample testing should verify absence of adulterants like Rheum palmatum. Payment terms commonly involve 30% deposit with LC at sight. MOQs range from 50kg for extracts to 1MT for whole roots. Shipping typically requires climate-controlled containers (15-25°C).
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