Overview
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) is a synthetic polymer derived from the monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). First developed in the 1960s, PHEMA gained prominence due to its unique combination of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity, making it ideal for medical applications. It forms hydrogels that can absorb significant amounts of water while retaining structural integrity. PHEMA is produced through free-radical polymerization, often with crosslinking agents to control its swelling properties. Its versatility has led to widespread use in ophthalmology, particularly in soft contact lenses, where its water-retaining capacity ensures comfort and oxygen permeability.
Physical and Chemical Properties
PHEMA exhibits a glass transition temperature (Tg) of around 55–90°C, depending on its water content and crosslinking density. In its dry state, it is a rigid, transparent material, but it swells into a soft hydrogel when hydrated, absorbing up to 40% of its weight in water. This property is reversible upon drying. Chemically, PHEMA is stable under physiological conditions and resistant to enzymatic degradation. Its hydroxyl groups enable modification for specific applications, such as covalent bonding with drugs or proteins. The polymer is insoluble in water but forms homogeneous hydrogels, which can be tailored for mechanical strength by adjusting crosslinking ratios.
Main Applications
PHEMA's primary use is in the biomedical field, where its biocompatibility and hydration properties are critical. Soft contact lenses account for a significant portion of its market demand, as PHEMA lenses provide comfort and clarity. In drug delivery, PHEMA hydrogels act as carriers for controlled release, leveraging their porous structure to modulate drug diffusion. Beyond healthcare, PHEMA is used in chromatography columns, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Its ability to mimic natural tissues makes it valuable for creating artificial corneas or cartilage substitutes. Industrial applications include coatings for sensors and adhesives where moisture retention is beneficial.
Safety and Storage
PHEMA is generally regarded as non-toxic and non-irritating, earning approval from regulatory bodies like the FDA for medical devices. However, inhalation of powdered forms should be avoided, as particles may cause respiratory irritation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and masks, is recommended during handling. Storage requires protection from humidity to prevent premature swelling. Bulk PHEMA should be kept in sealed containers at room temperature, away from direct sunlight. For hydrogel products, sterile packaging and cold storage may be necessary to maintain shelf life.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing PHEMA, buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 certification for medical-grade material. Key specifications include molecular weight (affecting viscosity), crosslinking density (determining swelling ratio), and sterilization status (e.g., gamma-irradiated). Prices vary based on purity and form (powder, hydrogel, or pre-formed devices). For large orders, negotiate bulk discounts and confirm lead times, as custom modifications (e.g., drug-loading capacity) may extend production. Always request material safety data sheets (MSDS) and biocompatibility test reports for compliance with end-use regulations.
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