Overview
Gypsum liner, derived from calcium sulfate dihydrate, is a versatile material with dual applications in medical and construction industries. Its historical use dates back to ancient Egypt for bone setting, while modern formulations enhance strength and setting time. The material's unique property of reversible hydration makes it ideal for temporary medical immobilization and fireproof building components. Industrial production involves calcining natural gypsum at 150–180°C to create hemihydrate (CaSO₄·½H₂O), which rehydrates during application. Medical-grade liners incorporate additives like fiberglass for strength, while construction variants may include foaming agents for lightweight insulation panels.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Gypsum liner exhibits an exothermic setting reaction when mixed with water, typically generating 15–30°C temperature rise. The crystallization process forms an interlocking matrix of dihydrate crystals, achieving compressive strength of 8–12 MPa in medical casts. Its thermal conductivity of 0.25 W/m·K contributes to insulation properties. Chemically inert, it maintains stability in pH ranges of 6–9. The material demonstrates excellent breathability (permeability ~40 g/m²·24h), crucial for preventing skin maceration in medical use. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm its characteristic monoclinic crystal structure, with dehydration commencing at 80°C.
Main Applications
In healthcare, gypsum liners dominate fracture management, constituting 60% of global orthopedic casting materials. They provide customized immobilization with 2–3 times faster setting than traditional plaster bandages. Dental applications include impression materials and surgical splints. Construction sectors utilize gypsum liners for fire-rated drywall (up to 4-hour ratings), acoustic panels, and prefabricated insulation boards. Industrial molds for ceramics and metal casting benefit from its precise dimensional stability during the lost-wax process. Emerging uses include 3D-printed biocompatible scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Safety and Storage
Medical-grade liners must comply with ISO 13779-1 for biocompatibility, ensuring <0.1% soluble alkali content. Dust control measures are essential during industrial handling, with OSHA PEL set at 15 mg/m³ total dust. Storage requires relative humidity below 50% to prevent premature hydration. Disposal follows non-hazardous waste protocols, though large quantities may require pH adjustment in wastewater systems. First aid measures include eye irrigation with water for dust exposure. Construction-grade liners may contain trace silica requiring additional respiratory protection during cutting operations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Bulk buyers should verify: 1) Setting time consistency (4–8 minutes initial set for medical use), 2) Bending strength (>2.5 MPa per EN 12859), and 3) Radio-opacity for medical imaging compatibility. MOQs typically start at 1 metric ton for industrial grades. Leading manufacturers include USG Corporation (construction) and BSN Medical (healthcare). Spot prices fluctuate with natural gypsum availability—Chinese FOB prices currently range $25–$35/ton for raw material. Consider Just-In-Time delivery for moisture-sensitive medical grades, with shelf life typically 12 months in sealed packaging.
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